Question 1

Electric Scooters

Daan van Dieren · Accepted Answer

2025

Chen, S., Cao, Z. and Zhang, X. (2025). Adaptive scootability index: Built environment, travel purpose and e-scooter preferred route. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104117.
Khalid, N., Nur and Nabilah Naharudin (2025). Application of Fuzzy-AHP in GIS in Finding E-Scooter Trail for Street Art. Revue internationale de géomatique. https://doi.org/10.32604/rig.2025.058078.
Chien, Y., Hsieh, I.Y.L. (2025). Enhancing Urban Energy Resilience: Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Strategies within Electric Scooter Battery Swapping Ecosystems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.106004.
Hellinger, A., Ehsani, J.P., Michael, J. et al (2025). Equity zone policies in Baltimore City for shared E-scooters: Notes from the field. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.101995
Khan, N.A., Gurumurthy, K.M., Davatgari, A., et al. (2025). Exploring the Shared E-Scooter adoption behavior: A case study of Chicago, USA. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100056.
Meir, A., Parmet, Y., Borowsky, A. (2025). Ready, set, scoot! Investigating implicit attitudes toward risky e-scooter riding situations: A go/no-go association task study. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106712.
Dibaj, S., Keiichi, H., Goto R., et al. (2025). Latent class approach to classify e-scooter non-users: A comparative study of Helsinki and Tokyo. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100941.
Wen, Y., Cherry, C.R., Bassett, D.R., et al. (2025). Physical activity and muscle activity of riding electric scooters. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101936.
Greaves, S., Beck, M., Rose, G., et al. (2025). Public views on legalising e-scooters: Insights from a Sydney case study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104364.
Mishra, A.R., Rani, P., Alshamrani, A.M., Adel Fahad Alrasheedi and Simic, V. (2025). Sustainable benchmarking of e-scooter micromobility systems: A hybrid q-rung orthopair fuzzy score function and distance measure-based ranking approach. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109934.
Gödde, J. and Scheiner, J. (2025). Spatiotemporal patterns of shared-e-scooter-usage: Studying access, egress and complementary trips to transit. European transport studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ets.2025.100012.
Karami, A., Allahviranloo, M., Samadzad, M. (2025). The impacts of personality traits on the acceptance of shared e-scooters: Evidence from Tehran. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105633.

2024

Al-Habaibeh, A., Watkins, M., Shakmak, B., Javareshk, M.B. and Allison, S. (2024). Assessing air quality and physical risks to E-scooter riders in urban environments through artificial intelligence and a mixed methods approach. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124282.
Anke, J., Ringhand, M. and Petzoldt, T. (2024). Different but also alike? Ingroup-outgroup phenomena among cyclists and e-scooter riders. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.01.008.
Bergantino, A. S., and Gardelli, A. (2024). The contribution of e-scooters services to urban transport resilience. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103869.
Colovic, A., Prencipe, L.P., Giuffrida, N. and Ottomanelli, M. (2024). A multi-objective model to design shared e-kick scooters parking spaces in large urban areas. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103823.
Dibaj, S., Hizaki Keiichi, Goto, R., Taniguchi, A. and Mladenović, M.N. (2024). Latent class approach to classify e-scooter non-users: A comparative study of Helsinki and Tokyo. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100941.
Dirsehan, T. (2024). Why do citizens not prefer to use e-scooters? Views of the public in the Netherlands. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100863.
Emami, E., Ramezani, M. (2024). Integrated operator and user-based rebalancing and recharging in dockless shared e-micromobility systems. Communications in Transportation Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2024.100155.
Fil, M. F., and Dirsehan, T. (2024). Eco? No, Ego-scooters: Steering towards time-saving trails in urban mobility. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101190.
Gioldasis, C., Christoforou, Z., and Katsiadrami, A. (2024). Usage factors influencing e-scooter energy consumption: an empirical investigation. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142165.
Hardinghaus, M., Nieland, S., Oostendorp, R. and Weschke, J. (2024). Developing a multi-method approach to identifying e-scooter hazard hotspots. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2023.03.002.
Jiao, J., Xu, Y. and Li, Y. (2024). Exploring spatial heterogeneity of e-scooter’s relationship with ridesourcing using explainable machine learning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104452.
Kalakoni, A.M.P., Christoforou, Z. and Gioldasis, C. (2024). The ambivalent relationship of e-scooters and public transport: Evidence from France. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.023.
Kwon, N., Chang, I., Lee, J. and Ahn, S. (2024). Analysis of E-scooter Risk Factors by Road Types on Different Speed Levels. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1335-6.
Mehranfar, V. and Jones, C. (2024). Exploring implications and current practices in e-scooter safety: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.004.
Neves, A., Ferreira, H., Lopes, F.J. and Godina, R. (2024). Environmental Assessment of Electric Scooters: Unveiling Research Gaps, Analyzing Factors, and Charting Pathways for Sustainable Micromobility. Procedia Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.138.
Nikiforiadis, A., Lioupi, C., Fountas, G., Stamatiadis N., and Basbas, S. (2024). Determinants of the travel satisfaction of e-scooter users. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100853.
Roig-Costa, O., Miralles-Guasch, C., Marquet, O. (2024). Disrupted intermodality: Examining adaptation strategies to public transport e-scooter bans in Barcelona. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2024.2434881.
Szemere, D., Iványi, T. and Surman, V. (2024). Exploring electric scooter regulations and user perspectives: A comprehensive study in Hungary. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101135.
Wen, Y., Cherry, C.R., Bassett, D.R., Thorsen, T., Zhang, S., Weinhandl, J.T. and Brakewood, C.E. (2024). Physical activity and muscle activity of riding electric scooters. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101936.
Zakhem, M. and Smith‐Colin, J. (2024). An E-scooter route assignment framework to improve user safety, comfort and compliance with city rules and regulations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103930.
Zhang, Y., Nelson, J.D. and Mulley, C. (2024). Learning from the Evidence: Insights for Regulating E-scooters. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.04.001.

2023

Aarhaug, J., Fearnley, N., and Johnsson, E. (2023). E-scooters and public transport – Complement or competition? Research in Transportation Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101279
Aarhaug, J., Fearnley, N., Hartveit, K.J.L. and Johnsson, E. (2023). Price and competition in emerging shared e-scooter markets. Research in Transportation Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101273
Abouelela, M., Chaniotakis, E., and Antoniou, C. (2023). Understanding the landscape of shared-e-scooters in North America; Spatiotemporal analysis and policy insights. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103602.
Chen, C.-F. and Lee, C.-H. (2023). Investigating shared e-scooter users’ customer value co-creation behaviors and their antecedents: Perceived service quality and perceived value. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.03.015
Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., Pamucar, D., Chen, Y., and Coffman, D. (2023). Sustainable E-scooter parking operation in urban areas using fuzzy Dombi based RAFSI model. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104426.
Echeverría-Su, M., Huamanraime-Maquin, E., Cabrera, F.I., and Vázquez-Rowe, I. (2023). Transitioning to sustainable mobility in Lima, Peru. Are e-scooter sharing initiatives part of the problem or the solution?. Science of The Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161130.
Félix, R., Orozco-Fontalvo, M. and Moura, F. (2023). Socio-economic assessment of shared e-scooters: do the benefits overcome the externalities? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103714
Karimpour, A., Hosseinzadeh, A. and Kluger, R. (2023). A data-driven approach to estimating dockless electric scooter service areas. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103579
Kazemzadeh, K., Haghani, M., and Sprei, F. (2023). Electric scooter safety: An integrative review of evidence from transport and medical research domains. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104313.
Kim, M., Puczkowskyj, N., MacArthur, J. and Dill, J. (2023). Perspectives on e-scooters use: A multi-year cross-sectional approach to understanding e-scooter travel behavior in Portland, Oregon. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103866.
Klein, N., Brown, A., and Thigpen, C. (2023). Clutter and Compliance: Scooter Parking Interventions and Perceptions. Active Travel Studies. https://doi.org/10.16997/ats.1196.
Klein, N., Brown, A. and Thigpen, C. (2021). Naughty Scooter Parking: Do Perceptions Match Reality? Active Travel Studies. https://activetravelstudies.org/article/id/1196/.
Kutela, B., and Mwekh'iga, R.J. (2023). A multi-criteria approach to prioritize electric-scooters ordinances. A case of Bloomington City, Indiana. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.100959.
Leoni, J., Lucchini, A., Strada, S., Tanelli, M. and Savaresi, S.M. (2023). Active Driver Assistance Systems for e-Scooters based on Road Quality and Driving Style Estimation. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1091.
Mehdizadeh, M., Nordfjaern, T., and Klöckner, C.A. (2023). Drunk or Sober? Number of alcohol units perceived to be safe before riding e-scooter. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106930.
Muehlbacher, D., Will, S., Merkel, N., Perterer, N., Mlakar, S., Haller, M. and Perterer, M. (2023). Compliance to eco-riding recommendations on an E-scooter: Effects on energy consumption and user acceptance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100831.
Nitesh R. Shah, Jing Guo, Lee D. Han et al (2023) Why do people take e-scooter trips? Insights on temporal and spatial usage patterns of detailed trip data. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103705
Nikiforiadis, A., Paschalidis, E., Stamatiadis, N., et al. (2023). E-scooters and other mode trip chaining: Preferences and attitudes of university students. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103636.
Oviedo, D., Moore, C., Trofimova, A. (2023). Toy or Tool: Expectations, Impacts, and Contradictions of E-Scooters from a Social-Exclusion Perspective. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4363779
Reis, A.F., Baptista, P., and Moura, F (2023). How to promote the environmental sustainability of shared e-scooters: A life-cycle analysis based on a case study from Lisbon, Portugal. Journal of Urban Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100044.
Samadzad, M., Nosratzadeh, H., Karami, H. and Karami, A. (2023). What are the factors affecting the adoption and use of electric scooter sharing systems from the end user’s perspective? Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.03.006
Sobrino, N., Gonzalez, J.N., Vassallo, J.M., and de los Angeles Baeza, M. (2023). Regulation of shared electric kick scooters in urban areas: Key drivers from expert stakeholders. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.02.009.
Šucha, M., Drimlová, E., Rečka, K., et al. (2023) E-scooter riders and pedestrians: Attitudes and interactions in five countries. Heliyon Open Access. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15449
Tuli, F.M., Nithila, A.N. and Mitra, S. (2023). Uncovering the spatio-temporal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shared e-scooter usage: A spatial panel model. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100843
Ventura, R., Ghirardi, A., Vetturi, D., Giulio Maternini and Barabino, B. (2023). Comparing the vibrational behaviour of e-kick scooters and e-bikes: Evidence from Italy. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2023.10.010.
Wallgren, P., Rexfelt, O. and Nikitas, A. (2023). Comparing the bad media-fuelled reputation of e-scooters with real-life user and non-user perceptions: Evidence from Sweden. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.10.005.
Wei, W., Petit, Y., Arnoux, P-J., and Bailly, N. (2023). Head-ground impact conditions and helmet performance in E-scooter falls. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106935.
White, E., Guo, F., Han, S., et al. (2023). What factors contribute to e-scooter crashes: A first look using a naturalistic riding approach. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.02.002.
Yan, X., Zhao, X., Broaddus, A., et al. (2023). Evaluating shared e-scooters’ potential to enhance public transit and reduce driving. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103640.
Zarafsh ani, H., Watjanatepin, P., Lepelaar, M., et al. (2023). Environmental assessment of woven hemp fibre reinforced epoxy composites and potential applications in aerospace and electric scooter industries. Results in Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100474.

2022

Altintasi, O., and Yalcinkaya, S. (2022). Siting charging stations and identifying safe and convenient routes for environmentally sustainable e-scooter systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104020.
Ayyildiz, E. (2022). A novel pythagorean fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology for e-scooter charging station location-selection. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103459.
Bascones, K., Maio Méndez, T.E., and Yañez Siller, F.A. (2022). E-scooter accidents: A new epidemic. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2022.02.001.
Blazanin, G., Mondal, A., Asmussen, K.E., and Bhat, C.R. (2022). E-scooter sharing and bikesharing systems: An individual-level analysis of factors affecting first-use and use frequency. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2021.103515.
Brauner, T., Heumann, M., Kraschewski, T., et al. (2022). Web content mining analysis of e-scooter crash causes and implications in Germany. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106833.
Brost, M., Ehrenberger, E., Dasgupta, I., Hahn, R., and Gebhardt, L. (2022). The Potential of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection Through Substitution for Passenger Car Trips - Germany as a case study. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Prepared for LEVA-EU. https://www.dropbox.com/s/r0sbnfd88e49ip3/2022-03-15_LEV4Climate_DLR_report.pdf?dl=0.
Bodansky, D.M.S., Gach, M.W., Grant, M. et al. (2022). Legalisation of e-scooters in the UK: the injury rate and pattern is similar to those of bicycles in an inner city metropolitan area. Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.016.
Choi, S., Kwak, K., Yang, S., Lim, S., and Woo, JR. (2022). Effects of policy instruments on electric scooter adoption in Jakarta, Indonesia: A discrete choice experiment approach. Economic Analysis and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.08.015.
Chu, J., Lin, H., Liao, H et al (2022). Dynamic repositioning problem of dockless electric scooter sharing systems. Taylor & Francis Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2022.2129209
Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., and Pamucar, D. et al. (2022). Safe E-scooter operation alternative prioritization using a q-rung orthopair Fuzzy Einstein based WASPAS approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131239.
Esztergár-Kiss, D., Tordai, D., and Lopez Lizarraga, J.C. (2022). Assessment of travel behavior related to e-scooters using a stated preference experiment. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.11.010.
Eyers V, Parry I and Zaid M (2022) In-Depth Investigation of E-Scooter Performance TRL Ltd https://mcusercontent.com/e31ae4ccb161b26b48f29468d/files/69a11740-598b-13f2-d014-50d19ddbec71/ACA104_In_Depth_Investigation_of_E_Scooter_Performance.pdf
Foissaud, N., Gioldasis, C., Tamura, S., Christoforou, Z., and Farhi, N. (2022). Free-floating e-scooter usage in urban areas: A spatiotemporal analysis. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103335.
Gebhardt, L., Ehrenberger, S., Wolf, C., and Cyganski, R. (2022). Can shared E-scooters reduce CO2 emissions by substituting car trips in Germany? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103328.
Heydari, S., Forrest, M., Preston, J. (2022). Investigating the association between neighbourhood characteristics and e-scooter safety. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103982.
Javadinasr, M., Asgharpour, S., Rahimi, E., et al. (2022). Eliciting attitudinal factors affecting the continuance use of E-scooters: An empirical study in Chicago. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.03.019.
Karpinski, E., Bayles, E., Daigle, L., and Mantine, D. (2022). Comparison of motor-vehicle involved e-scooter fatalities with other traffic fatalities. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.008.
Kazemzadeh, K., and Sprei, F. (2022). Towards an electric scooter level of service: A review and framework. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.06.005.
Kimpton, A., Loginova, J., Pojani, D., et al. (2022). Weather to scoot? How weather shapes shared e-scooter ridership patterns. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103439.
Leoni, J., Tanelli, M., Strada, S.C., and Savaresi, S.M. (2022). Assessing e-scooters safety and drivability: a quantitative analysis. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.294.
Leurent, F. (2022). What is the value of swappable batteries for a shared e-scooter service? Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2022.100843.
Li, H., Yuan, Z., Novack, T., Huang, W., and Zipf, A. (2022). Understanding spatiotemporal trip purposes of urban micro-mobility from the lens of dockless e-scooter sharing. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101848.
Li, A., Zhao, P., and Liu, X. et al. (2022). Comprehensive comparison of e-scooter sharing mobility: Evidence from 30 European cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103229.
Li, H., Yuan, Z., and Novack, T., et al. (2022). Understanding spatiotemporal trip purposes of urban micro-mobility from the lens of dockless e-scooter sharing. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101848.
Liazos, A., Iliopoulou, C., Kepaptsoglou, K., and Bakogiannis, E. (2022). Geofence planning for electric scooters. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103149.
Ma, Q., Xin, Y., Yang, H., and Xie, K. (2022). Connecting metros with shared electric scooters: Comparisons with shared bikes and taxis. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103376.
Maher, F., Dháibhéid, C.M., Bowe, C., and Kearns, G. (2022). Maxillofacial injuries and electric scooter use in Ireland. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.11.174.
McQueen, M., and Clifton, k.j. (2022). Assessing the perception of E-scooters as a practical and equitable first-mile/last-mile solution. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.09.021.
Mouratidis, K. (2022). Bike-sharing, car-sharing, e-scooters, and Uber: Who are the shared mobility users and where do they live?. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104161.
Öztaş Karlı, R.G., Karlı, H., and Çelikyay, H.S. (2022). Investigating the acceptance of shared e-scooters: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.03.018.
Shichman, I., Shaked, O., Factor, S., et al. (2022). The association between electric scooter riding position and injury characteristics. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.11.009.
Suominen, E., Sajanti, A., Silver, E. et al. (2022). Alcohol intoxication and lack of helmet use are common in Electric Scooter related Traumatic Brain Injuries: a consecutive patient series from a tertiary university hospital. Brain and Spine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2022.101553.
Tokey, A.I., Shioma, S.A., and Jamal, S. (2022). Analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of e-scooter usage in Minneapolis: Effects of the built and social environment. Multimodal Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2022.100037.
Tzouras, P.G., Mitropoulos, L., Stavropoulou, E. et al. (2022). Agent-based models for simulating e-scooter sharing services: A review and a qualitative assessment. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.02.001.
Useche, S.A., O'Hern, S., Gonzalez-Marin, A., et al. (2022). Unsafety on two wheels, or social prejudice? Proxying behavioral reports on bicycle and e-scooter riding safety – A mixed-methods study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.06.015.
Vallamsundar, S., Jaikumar, R., Venugopal, M. (2022). Exploring the Spatial-temporal dynamics of travel patterns and air pollution exposure of E-scooters. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103477.
Walton, T., Torija, A.J., and Elliott, A.S. (2022). Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics. Applied Acoustics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.109136.
Wang, K., Qian, X., Fitch, D.T. et al. (2022). What travel modes do shared e-scooters displace? A review of recent research findings. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2021.2015639.
Weschke, J., Oostendorp, R., and Hardinghaus, M. (2022). Mode shift, motivational reasons, and impact on emissions of shared e-scooter usage. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103468.
Yang, H., Bao, Y., Huo, J., et al. (2022). Impact of road features on shared e-scooter trip volume: A study based on multiple membership multilevel model. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.04.005.
Yang, H., Zheng, R., Li, X., et al. (2022). Nonlinear and threshold effects of the built environment on e-scooter sharing ridership. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103453.
Yun, H., Kim, E., Ham, S. et al (2022). Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement service. Taylor & Francis Online. Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement learning: Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Vol 0, No 0 (tandfonline.com)
Zhu, R., Kondor, D., and Cheng, C. et al. (2022). Solar photovoltaic generation for charging shared electric scooters. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118728.
Zuniga-Garcia, N., Tec, M., Scott, J.G., and Machemehl, R.B. (2022). Evaluation of e-scooters as transit last-mile solution. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2022.103660.

2021

Abouelela, M., Haddad, C. A., and Antoniu, C. (2021). Are young users willing to shift from carsharing to scooter–sharing? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102821.
Brown, A. (2021). Micromobility, Macro Goals: Aligning scooter parking policy with broader city objectives. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100508.
Che, M., Lum, K.M., and Wong, Y.D. (2021). Users’ attitudes on electric scooter riding speed on shared footpath: A virtual reality study. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1718252.
Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena). (2021). E-Scooter-Sharing – eine ganzheitliche Bilanz: Potenziale von E-Scootern für eine nachhaltigere, urbane Mobilität. https://www.dena.de/newsroom/meldungen/studie-e-scooter-sharing/.
Haworth, Schramm and Twisk (2021). Changes in shared and private e-scooter use in Brisbane, Australia and their safety implications. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106451.
Jiao, J. (2021). Shared micro-mobility: The rise of and the future of E-scooters. Shared Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822900-2.00008-1.
Karlsen, K., and Fyhri, A. (2021). The joy and trouble with e-scooters. Institute of Transport Economics Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. https://www.toi.no/publications/the-joy-and-trouble-with-e-scooters-article36886-29.html.
Karlsen, K., Johnsson, E., Fyhri, A., and Pokorny, P. (2021). Parking solutions for shared e-scooters. Institute of Transport Economics Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. https://www.toi.no/publications/parking-solutions-for-shared-e-scooters-article36746-29.html.
Kopplin, S, C., Brand, M, B., and Reichenberger, Y. (2021). Consumer acceptance of shared e-scooters for urban and short-distance mobility. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102680.
Latinopoulos, C., Patrier, A. and Sivakumar, A. (2021). Planning for e-scooter use in metropolitan cities: A case study for Paris. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103037.
Lipovsky, C. (2021). Free-floating electric scooters: representation in French mainstream media. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1809752.
Lee, H., Baek, K., Chung, J. H., and Kim, J. (2021). Factors affecting heterogeneity in willingness to use e-scooter sharing services. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102751.
Lee, J. K., Yun, C. H., and Yun, M. H. (2021). Contextual risk factors in the use of electric kick scooters: An episode sampling inquiry. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105233.
Leung, A. Burke, M., Kaufman, B., Zu., and Yang, E. (2021). Micromobility and toursit dispersal in Townsville: Do e-scooters help tourists spread out, visit more sites and spend more? Griffith University. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qML5MzWaGrqbHz5QMgg1aElBuktqB9jV/view.
Ma, Q., Yang, H., Ma, Y., Yang, D., Hu, X., and Xie, K. (2021). Examining municipal guidelines for users of shared E-Scooters in the United States. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102710.
Merlin, L, A., Yan, X., Xu, Y., and Zhao, X. (2021). A segment-level model of shared, electric scooter origins and destinations. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102709.
Mitra, R., and Hess, P. M. (2021). Who are the potential users of shared e-scooters? An examination of socio-demographic, attitudinal and environmental factors. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.12.004.
Ratan, R., Earle, K., Roesenthal, S., et al. (2021). The (digital) medium of mobility is the message: Examining the influence of e-scooter mobile app perceptions on e-scooter use intent. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100076.
Siebert, F. W., Ringhand, M., Englert, F., et al. (2021). Braking bad – Ergonomic design and implications for the safe use of shared E-scooters. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105294.
Wang, Y., Wu, J., Chen, K., and Liu, P. (2021). Are shared electric scooters energy efficient? Communications in Transportation Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2021.100022.
Yang, H., Huo, J., Bao, Y., Li, X., Yang, L., and Cherry, C.R. (2021). Impact of e-scooter sharing on bike sharing in Chicago. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.09.012.
Yang, X., Yang, W., Zhang, X. et al. (2021). A spatiotemporal analysis of e-scooters’ relationships with transit and station-based bikeshare. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103088.
Zhang, W., Buehler, R., Broaddus, A., and Sweeney, T. (2021). What type of infrastructures do e-scooter riders prefer? A route choice model. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102761.
Zuniga-Garcia, N., Ruiz Juri, N., Perrine, A. K., & Machemehl, B. R. (2021). E-scooters in urban infrastructure: understanding sidewalk, bike lane, and roadway usage from trajectory data. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.04.004.

2020

Sanders, R. L., Branion-Calles, M., and Nelson, T. A. (2020). To scoot or not to scoot: Findings from a recent survey about the benefits and barriers of using E-scooters for riders and non-riders. Transportation Research Part A: policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.07.009.
Severengiz, S., Finke, S., Schelte, N., and Wendt, N. (2020). Life Cycle Assessment on the Mobility Service E-Scooter Sharing. 2020 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit. 10.1109/E-TEMS46250.2020.9111817.

Question 2

Electric Scooters

Daan van Dieren · Accepted Answer

2025

Chen, S., Cao, Z. and Zhang, X. (2025). Adaptive scootability index: Built environment, travel purpose and e-scooter preferred route. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104117.
Khalid, N., Nur and Nabilah Naharudin (2025). Application of Fuzzy-AHP in GIS in Finding E-Scooter Trail for Street Art. Revue internationale de géomatique. https://doi.org/10.32604/rig.2025.058078.
Chien, Y., Hsieh, I.Y.L. (2025). Enhancing Urban Energy Resilience: Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Strategies within Electric Scooter Battery Swapping Ecosystems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.106004.
Hellinger, A., Ehsani, J.P., Michael, J. et al (2025). Equity zone policies in Baltimore City for shared E-scooters: Notes from the field. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.101995
Khan, N.A., Gurumurthy, K.M., Davatgari, A., et al. (2025). Exploring the Shared E-Scooter adoption behavior: A case study of Chicago, USA. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100056.
Meir, A., Parmet, Y., Borowsky, A. (2025). Ready, set, scoot! Investigating implicit attitudes toward risky e-scooter riding situations: A go/no-go association task study. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106712.
Dibaj, S., Keiichi, H., Goto R., et al. (2025). Latent class approach to classify e-scooter non-users: A comparative study of Helsinki and Tokyo. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100941.
Wen, Y., Cherry, C.R., Bassett, D.R., et al. (2025). Physical activity and muscle activity of riding electric scooters. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101936.
Greaves, S., Beck, M., Rose, G., et al. (2025). Public views on legalising e-scooters: Insights from a Sydney case study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104364.
Mishra, A.R., Rani, P., Alshamrani, A.M., Adel Fahad Alrasheedi and Simic, V. (2025). Sustainable benchmarking of e-scooter micromobility systems: A hybrid q-rung orthopair fuzzy score function and distance measure-based ranking approach. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109934.
Gödde, J. and Scheiner, J. (2025). Spatiotemporal patterns of shared-e-scooter-usage: Studying access, egress and complementary trips to transit. European transport studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ets.2025.100012.
Karami, A., Allahviranloo, M., Samadzad, M. (2025). The impacts of personality traits on the acceptance of shared e-scooters: Evidence from Tehran. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105633.

2024

Al-Habaibeh, A., Watkins, M., Shakmak, B., Javareshk, M.B. and Allison, S. (2024). Assessing air quality and physical risks to E-scooter riders in urban environments through artificial intelligence and a mixed methods approach. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124282.
Anke, J., Ringhand, M. and Petzoldt, T. (2024). Different but also alike? Ingroup-outgroup phenomena among cyclists and e-scooter riders. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.01.008.
Bergantino, A. S., and Gardelli, A. (2024). The contribution of e-scooters services to urban transport resilience. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103869.
Colovic, A., Prencipe, L.P., Giuffrida, N. and Ottomanelli, M. (2024). A multi-objective model to design shared e-kick scooters parking spaces in large urban areas. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103823.
Dibaj, S., Hizaki Keiichi, Goto, R., Taniguchi, A. and Mladenović, M.N. (2024). Latent class approach to classify e-scooter non-users: A comparative study of Helsinki and Tokyo. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100941.
Dirsehan, T. (2024). Why do citizens not prefer to use e-scooters? Views of the public in the Netherlands. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100863.
Emami, E., Ramezani, M. (2024). Integrated operator and user-based rebalancing and recharging in dockless shared e-micromobility systems. Communications in Transportation Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2024.100155.
Fil, M. F., and Dirsehan, T. (2024). Eco? No, Ego-scooters: Steering towards time-saving trails in urban mobility. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101190.
Gioldasis, C., Christoforou, Z., and Katsiadrami, A. (2024). Usage factors influencing e-scooter energy consumption: an empirical investigation. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142165.
Hardinghaus, M., Nieland, S., Oostendorp, R. and Weschke, J. (2024). Developing a multi-method approach to identifying e-scooter hazard hotspots. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2023.03.002.
Jiao, J., Xu, Y. and Li, Y. (2024). Exploring spatial heterogeneity of e-scooter’s relationship with ridesourcing using explainable machine learning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104452.
Kalakoni, A.M.P., Christoforou, Z. and Gioldasis, C. (2024). The ambivalent relationship of e-scooters and public transport: Evidence from France. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.023.
Kwon, N., Chang, I., Lee, J. and Ahn, S. (2024). Analysis of E-scooter Risk Factors by Road Types on Different Speed Levels. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1335-6.
Mehranfar, V. and Jones, C. (2024). Exploring implications and current practices in e-scooter safety: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.004.
Neves, A., Ferreira, H., Lopes, F.J. and Godina, R. (2024). Environmental Assessment of Electric Scooters: Unveiling Research Gaps, Analyzing Factors, and Charting Pathways for Sustainable Micromobility. Procedia Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.138.
Nikiforiadis, A., Lioupi, C., Fountas, G., Stamatiadis N., and Basbas, S. (2024). Determinants of the travel satisfaction of e-scooter users. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100853.
Roig-Costa, O., Miralles-Guasch, C., Marquet, O. (2024). Disrupted intermodality: Examining adaptation strategies to public transport e-scooter bans in Barcelona. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2024.2434881.
Szemere, D., Iványi, T. and Surman, V. (2024). Exploring electric scooter regulations and user perspectives: A comprehensive study in Hungary. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101135.
Wen, Y., Cherry, C.R., Bassett, D.R., Thorsen, T., Zhang, S., Weinhandl, J.T. and Brakewood, C.E. (2024). Physical activity and muscle activity of riding electric scooters. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101936.
Zakhem, M. and Smith‐Colin, J. (2024). An E-scooter route assignment framework to improve user safety, comfort and compliance with city rules and regulations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103930.
Zhang, Y., Nelson, J.D. and Mulley, C. (2024). Learning from the Evidence: Insights for Regulating E-scooters. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.04.001.

2023

Aarhaug, J., Fearnley, N., and Johnsson, E. (2023). E-scooters and public transport – Complement or competition? Research in Transportation Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101279
Aarhaug, J., Fearnley, N., Hartveit, K.J.L. and Johnsson, E. (2023). Price and competition in emerging shared e-scooter markets. Research in Transportation Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101273
Abouelela, M., Chaniotakis, E., and Antoniou, C. (2023). Understanding the landscape of shared-e-scooters in North America; Spatiotemporal analysis and policy insights. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103602.
Chen, C.-F. and Lee, C.-H. (2023). Investigating shared e-scooter users’ customer value co-creation behaviors and their antecedents: Perceived service quality and perceived value. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.03.015
Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., Pamucar, D., Chen, Y., and Coffman, D. (2023). Sustainable E-scooter parking operation in urban areas using fuzzy Dombi based RAFSI model. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104426.
Echeverría-Su, M., Huamanraime-Maquin, E., Cabrera, F.I., and Vázquez-Rowe, I. (2023). Transitioning to sustainable mobility in Lima, Peru. Are e-scooter sharing initiatives part of the problem or the solution?. Science of The Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161130.
Félix, R., Orozco-Fontalvo, M. and Moura, F. (2023). Socio-economic assessment of shared e-scooters: do the benefits overcome the externalities? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103714
Karimpour, A., Hosseinzadeh, A. and Kluger, R. (2023). A data-driven approach to estimating dockless electric scooter service areas. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103579
Kazemzadeh, K., Haghani, M., and Sprei, F. (2023). Electric scooter safety: An integrative review of evidence from transport and medical research domains. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104313.
Kim, M., Puczkowskyj, N., MacArthur, J. and Dill, J. (2023). Perspectives on e-scooters use: A multi-year cross-sectional approach to understanding e-scooter travel behavior in Portland, Oregon. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103866.
Klein, N., Brown, A., and Thigpen, C. (2023). Clutter and Compliance: Scooter Parking Interventions and Perceptions. Active Travel Studies. https://doi.org/10.16997/ats.1196.
Klein, N., Brown, A. and Thigpen, C. (2021). Naughty Scooter Parking: Do Perceptions Match Reality? Active Travel Studies. https://activetravelstudies.org/article/id/1196/.
Kutela, B., and Mwekh'iga, R.J. (2023). A multi-criteria approach to prioritize electric-scooters ordinances. A case of Bloomington City, Indiana. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.100959.
Leoni, J., Lucchini, A., Strada, S., Tanelli, M. and Savaresi, S.M. (2023). Active Driver Assistance Systems for e-Scooters based on Road Quality and Driving Style Estimation. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1091.
Mehdizadeh, M., Nordfjaern, T., and Klöckner, C.A. (2023). Drunk or Sober? Number of alcohol units perceived to be safe before riding e-scooter. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106930.
Muehlbacher, D., Will, S., Merkel, N., Perterer, N., Mlakar, S., Haller, M. and Perterer, M. (2023). Compliance to eco-riding recommendations on an E-scooter: Effects on energy consumption and user acceptance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100831.
Nitesh R. Shah, Jing Guo, Lee D. Han et al (2023) Why do people take e-scooter trips? Insights on temporal and spatial usage patterns of detailed trip data. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103705
Nikiforiadis, A., Paschalidis, E., Stamatiadis, N., et al. (2023). E-scooters and other mode trip chaining: Preferences and attitudes of university students. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103636.
Oviedo, D., Moore, C., Trofimova, A. (2023). Toy or Tool: Expectations, Impacts, and Contradictions of E-Scooters from a Social-Exclusion Perspective. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4363779
Reis, A.F., Baptista, P., and Moura, F (2023). How to promote the environmental sustainability of shared e-scooters: A life-cycle analysis based on a case study from Lisbon, Portugal. Journal of Urban Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100044.
Samadzad, M., Nosratzadeh, H., Karami, H. and Karami, A. (2023). What are the factors affecting the adoption and use of electric scooter sharing systems from the end user’s perspective? Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.03.006
Sobrino, N., Gonzalez, J.N., Vassallo, J.M., and de los Angeles Baeza, M. (2023). Regulation of shared electric kick scooters in urban areas: Key drivers from expert stakeholders. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.02.009.
Šucha, M., Drimlová, E., Rečka, K., et al. (2023) E-scooter riders and pedestrians: Attitudes and interactions in five countries. Heliyon Open Access. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15449
Tuli, F.M., Nithila, A.N. and Mitra, S. (2023). Uncovering the spatio-temporal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shared e-scooter usage: A spatial panel model. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100843
Ventura, R., Ghirardi, A., Vetturi, D., Giulio Maternini and Barabino, B. (2023). Comparing the vibrational behaviour of e-kick scooters and e-bikes: Evidence from Italy. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2023.10.010.
Wallgren, P., Rexfelt, O. and Nikitas, A. (2023). Comparing the bad media-fuelled reputation of e-scooters with real-life user and non-user perceptions: Evidence from Sweden. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.10.005.
Wei, W., Petit, Y., Arnoux, P-J., and Bailly, N. (2023). Head-ground impact conditions and helmet performance in E-scooter falls. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106935.
White, E., Guo, F., Han, S., et al. (2023). What factors contribute to e-scooter crashes: A first look using a naturalistic riding approach. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.02.002.
Yan, X., Zhao, X., Broaddus, A., et al. (2023). Evaluating shared e-scooters’ potential to enhance public transit and reduce driving. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103640.
Zarafsh ani, H., Watjanatepin, P., Lepelaar, M., et al. (2023). Environmental assessment of woven hemp fibre reinforced epoxy composites and potential applications in aerospace and electric scooter industries. Results in Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100474.

2022

Altintasi, O., and Yalcinkaya, S. (2022). Siting charging stations and identifying safe and convenient routes for environmentally sustainable e-scooter systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104020.
Ayyildiz, E. (2022). A novel pythagorean fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology for e-scooter charging station location-selection. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103459.
Bascones, K., Maio Méndez, T.E., and Yañez Siller, F.A. (2022). E-scooter accidents: A new epidemic. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2022.02.001.
Blazanin, G., Mondal, A., Asmussen, K.E., and Bhat, C.R. (2022). E-scooter sharing and bikesharing systems: An individual-level analysis of factors affecting first-use and use frequency. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2021.103515.
Brauner, T., Heumann, M., Kraschewski, T., et al. (2022). Web content mining analysis of e-scooter crash causes and implications in Germany. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106833.
Brost, M., Ehrenberger, E., Dasgupta, I., Hahn, R., and Gebhardt, L. (2022). The Potential of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection Through Substitution for Passenger Car Trips - Germany as a case study. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Prepared for LEVA-EU. https://www.dropbox.com/s/r0sbnfd88e49ip3/2022-03-15_LEV4Climate_DLR_report.pdf?dl=0.
Bodansky, D.M.S., Gach, M.W., Grant, M. et al. (2022). Legalisation of e-scooters in the UK: the injury rate and pattern is similar to those of bicycles in an inner city metropolitan area. Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.016.
Choi, S., Kwak, K., Yang, S., Lim, S., and Woo, JR. (2022). Effects of policy instruments on electric scooter adoption in Jakarta, Indonesia: A discrete choice experiment approach. Economic Analysis and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.08.015.
Chu, J., Lin, H., Liao, H et al (2022). Dynamic repositioning problem of dockless electric scooter sharing systems. Taylor & Francis Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2022.2129209
Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., and Pamucar, D. et al. (2022). Safe E-scooter operation alternative prioritization using a q-rung orthopair Fuzzy Einstein based WASPAS approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131239.
Esztergár-Kiss, D., Tordai, D., and Lopez Lizarraga, J.C. (2022). Assessment of travel behavior related to e-scooters using a stated preference experiment. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.11.010.
Eyers V, Parry I and Zaid M (2022) In-Depth Investigation of E-Scooter Performance TRL Ltd https://mcusercontent.com/e31ae4ccb161b26b48f29468d/files/69a11740-598b-13f2-d014-50d19ddbec71/ACA104_In_Depth_Investigation_of_E_Scooter_Performance.pdf
Foissaud, N., Gioldasis, C., Tamura, S., Christoforou, Z., and Farhi, N. (2022). Free-floating e-scooter usage in urban areas: A spatiotemporal analysis. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103335.
Gebhardt, L., Ehrenberger, S., Wolf, C., and Cyganski, R. (2022). Can shared E-scooters reduce CO2 emissions by substituting car trips in Germany? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103328.
Heydari, S., Forrest, M., Preston, J. (2022). Investigating the association between neighbourhood characteristics and e-scooter safety. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103982.
Javadinasr, M., Asgharpour, S., Rahimi, E., et al. (2022). Eliciting attitudinal factors affecting the continuance use of E-scooters: An empirical study in Chicago. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.03.019.
Karpinski, E., Bayles, E., Daigle, L., and Mantine, D. (2022). Comparison of motor-vehicle involved e-scooter fatalities with other traffic fatalities. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.008.
Kazemzadeh, K., and Sprei, F. (2022). Towards an electric scooter level of service: A review and framework. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.06.005.
Kimpton, A., Loginova, J., Pojani, D., et al. (2022). Weather to scoot? How weather shapes shared e-scooter ridership patterns. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103439.
Leoni, J., Tanelli, M., Strada, S.C., and Savaresi, S.M. (2022). Assessing e-scooters safety and drivability: a quantitative analysis. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.294.
Leurent, F. (2022). What is the value of swappable batteries for a shared e-scooter service? Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2022.100843.
Li, H., Yuan, Z., Novack, T., Huang, W., and Zipf, A. (2022). Understanding spatiotemporal trip purposes of urban micro-mobility from the lens of dockless e-scooter sharing. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101848.
Li, A., Zhao, P., and Liu, X. et al. (2022). Comprehensive comparison of e-scooter sharing mobility: Evidence from 30 European cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103229.
Li, H., Yuan, Z., and Novack, T., et al. (2022). Understanding spatiotemporal trip purposes of urban micro-mobility from the lens of dockless e-scooter sharing. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101848.
Liazos, A., Iliopoulou, C., Kepaptsoglou, K., and Bakogiannis, E. (2022). Geofence planning for electric scooters. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103149.
Ma, Q., Xin, Y., Yang, H., and Xie, K. (2022). Connecting metros with shared electric scooters: Comparisons with shared bikes and taxis. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103376.
Maher, F., Dháibhéid, C.M., Bowe, C., and Kearns, G. (2022). Maxillofacial injuries and electric scooter use in Ireland. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.11.174.
McQueen, M., and Clifton, k.j. (2022). Assessing the perception of E-scooters as a practical and equitable first-mile/last-mile solution. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.09.021.
Mouratidis, K. (2022). Bike-sharing, car-sharing, e-scooters, and Uber: Who are the shared mobility users and where do they live?. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104161.
Öztaş Karlı, R.G., Karlı, H., and Çelikyay, H.S. (2022). Investigating the acceptance of shared e-scooters: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.03.018.
Shichman, I., Shaked, O., Factor, S., et al. (2022). The association between electric scooter riding position and injury characteristics. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.11.009.
Suominen, E., Sajanti, A., Silver, E. et al. (2022). Alcohol intoxication and lack of helmet use are common in Electric Scooter related Traumatic Brain Injuries: a consecutive patient series from a tertiary university hospital. Brain and Spine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2022.101553.
Tokey, A.I., Shioma, S.A., and Jamal, S. (2022). Analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of e-scooter usage in Minneapolis: Effects of the built and social environment. Multimodal Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2022.100037.
Tzouras, P.G., Mitropoulos, L., Stavropoulou, E. et al. (2022). Agent-based models for simulating e-scooter sharing services: A review and a qualitative assessment. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.02.001.
Useche, S.A., O'Hern, S., Gonzalez-Marin, A., et al. (2022). Unsafety on two wheels, or social prejudice? Proxying behavioral reports on bicycle and e-scooter riding safety – A mixed-methods study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.06.015.
Vallamsundar, S., Jaikumar, R., Venugopal, M. (2022). Exploring the Spatial-temporal dynamics of travel patterns and air pollution exposure of E-scooters. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103477.
Walton, T., Torija, A.J., and Elliott, A.S. (2022). Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics. Applied Acoustics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.109136.
Wang, K., Qian, X., Fitch, D.T. et al. (2022). What travel modes do shared e-scooters displace? A review of recent research findings. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2021.2015639.
Weschke, J., Oostendorp, R., and Hardinghaus, M. (2022). Mode shift, motivational reasons, and impact on emissions of shared e-scooter usage. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103468.
Yang, H., Bao, Y., Huo, J., et al. (2022). Impact of road features on shared e-scooter trip volume: A study based on multiple membership multilevel model. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.04.005.
Yang, H., Zheng, R., Li, X., et al. (2022). Nonlinear and threshold effects of the built environment on e-scooter sharing ridership. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103453.
Yun, H., Kim, E., Ham, S. et al (2022). Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement service. Taylor & Francis Online. Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement learning: Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Vol 0, No 0 (tandfonline.com)
Zhu, R., Kondor, D., and Cheng, C. et al. (2022). Solar photovoltaic generation for charging shared electric scooters. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118728.
Zuniga-Garcia, N., Tec, M., Scott, J.G., and Machemehl, R.B. (2022). Evaluation of e-scooters as transit last-mile solution. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2022.103660.

2021

Abouelela, M., Haddad, C. A., and Antoniu, C. (2021). Are young users willing to shift from carsharing to scooter–sharing? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102821.
Brown, A. (2021). Micromobility, Macro Goals: Aligning scooter parking policy with broader city objectives. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100508.
Che, M., Lum, K.M., and Wong, Y.D. (2021). Users’ attitudes on electric scooter riding speed on shared footpath: A virtual reality study. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1718252.
Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena). (2021). E-Scooter-Sharing – eine ganzheitliche Bilanz: Potenziale von E-Scootern für eine nachhaltigere, urbane Mobilität. https://www.dena.de/newsroom/meldungen/studie-e-scooter-sharing/.
Haworth, Schramm and Twisk (2021). Changes in shared and private e-scooter use in Brisbane, Australia and their safety implications. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106451.
Jiao, J. (2021). Shared micro-mobility: The rise of and the future of E-scooters. Shared Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822900-2.00008-1.
Karlsen, K., and Fyhri, A. (2021). The joy and trouble with e-scooters. Institute of Transport Economics Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. https://www.toi.no/publications/the-joy-and-trouble-with-e-scooters-article36886-29.html.
Karlsen, K., Johnsson, E., Fyhri, A., and Pokorny, P. (2021). Parking solutions for shared e-scooters. Institute of Transport Economics Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. https://www.toi.no/publications/parking-solutions-for-shared-e-scooters-article36746-29.html.
Kopplin, S, C., Brand, M, B., and Reichenberger, Y. (2021). Consumer acceptance of shared e-scooters for urban and short-distance mobility. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102680.
Latinopoulos, C., Patrier, A. and Sivakumar, A. (2021). Planning for e-scooter use in metropolitan cities: A case study for Paris. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103037.
Lipovsky, C. (2021). Free-floating electric scooters: representation in French mainstream media. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1809752.
Lee, H., Baek, K., Chung, J. H., and Kim, J. (2021). Factors affecting heterogeneity in willingness to use e-scooter sharing services. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102751.
Lee, J. K., Yun, C. H., and Yun, M. H. (2021). Contextual risk factors in the use of electric kick scooters: An episode sampling inquiry. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105233.
Leung, A. Burke, M., Kaufman, B., Zu., and Yang, E. (2021). Micromobility and toursit dispersal in Townsville: Do e-scooters help tourists spread out, visit more sites and spend more? Griffith University. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qML5MzWaGrqbHz5QMgg1aElBuktqB9jV/view.
Ma, Q., Yang, H., Ma, Y., Yang, D., Hu, X., and Xie, K. (2021). Examining municipal guidelines for users of shared E-Scooters in the United States. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102710.
Merlin, L, A., Yan, X., Xu, Y., and Zhao, X. (2021). A segment-level model of shared, electric scooter origins and destinations. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102709.
Mitra, R., and Hess, P. M. (2021). Who are the potential users of shared e-scooters? An examination of socio-demographic, attitudinal and environmental factors. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.12.004.
Ratan, R., Earle, K., Roesenthal, S., et al. (2021). The (digital) medium of mobility is the message: Examining the influence of e-scooter mobile app perceptions on e-scooter use intent. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100076.
Siebert, F. W., Ringhand, M., Englert, F., et al. (2021). Braking bad – Ergonomic design and implications for the safe use of shared E-scooters. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105294.
Wang, Y., Wu, J., Chen, K., and Liu, P. (2021). Are shared electric scooters energy efficient? Communications in Transportation Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2021.100022.
Yang, H., Huo, J., Bao, Y., Li, X., Yang, L., and Cherry, C.R. (2021). Impact of e-scooter sharing on bike sharing in Chicago. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.09.012.
Yang, X., Yang, W., Zhang, X. et al. (2021). A spatiotemporal analysis of e-scooters’ relationships with transit and station-based bikeshare. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103088.
Zhang, W., Buehler, R., Broaddus, A., and Sweeney, T. (2021). What type of infrastructures do e-scooter riders prefer? A route choice model. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102761.
Zuniga-Garcia, N., Ruiz Juri, N., Perrine, A. K., & Machemehl, B. R. (2021). E-scooters in urban infrastructure: understanding sidewalk, bike lane, and roadway usage from trajectory data. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.04.004.

2020

Sanders, R. L., Branion-Calles, M., and Nelson, T. A. (2020). To scoot or not to scoot: Findings from a recent survey about the benefits and barriers of using E-scooters for riders and non-riders. Transportation Research Part A: policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.07.009.
Severengiz, S., Finke, S., Schelte, N., and Wendt, N. (2020). Life Cycle Assessment on the Mobility Service E-Scooter Sharing. 2020 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit. 10.1109/E-TEMS46250.2020.9111817.

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