Q: Research Institutes

Active Travel Academy : brings together a broad spectrum of expertise to lead research with a focus on walking and cycling, use of other ‘micromobilities’ from e-scooters to electric hand cycles; and reduction in car use FERSI : The Forum of European Road Safety Research Institutes HVA : Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Technology KU Leuven : ELECTA, this research division covers the broad spectrum of electrical energy systems and robust control of industrial systems LEVER : The Light Electric Vehicle Education and Research (LEVER) Initiative VUB Brussels : MOBI, the mobility, logistics and automotive technology research centre

Question 1

Electric Cargo Cycles

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2024

Bissel, M. and Becker, S. (2024). Can cargo bikes compete with cars? Cargo bike sharing users rate cargo bikes superior on most motives – Especially if they reduced car ownership. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.12.018.
Marincek, D. Rérat, P. and Virginie Lurkin (2024). Cargo bikes for personal transport: A user segmentation based on motivations for use. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2024.2402753.
Philips, I., Azzouz, L., de Séjournet, A., et al. (2024). Domestic Use of E-Cargo Bikes and Other E-Micromobility: Protocol for a Multi-Centre, Mixed Methods Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/12/1690.
Zimmermann, K. and Palgan, Y.V. (2024). Upscaling cargo bike sharing in cities: A comparative case study. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143774.
Pio Prencipe, L., Colovic, A., Binetti, M. and Ottomanelli, M. (2024). Zero-emission vehicle adoption towards sustainable e-grocery last-mile delivery. Research in transportation economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2024.101429.

2023

Couve, C., Lam, T., and Verlinghieri, E. (2023). Delivering Good Work: Labour, employment and wellbeing in London’s cargo bike sector. The University of Westminster. https://blog.westminster.ac.uk/ata/delivering-good-work-labour-employment-and-wellbeing-in-londons-cargo-bike-sector/.
Dalla Chiara, G., Donnelly, G., Gunes, S., and Goodchild, A. (2023). How cargo cycle drivers use the urban transport infrastructure. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.103562.
Graeme Sherriff a, Luke Blazejewski a, Nick Davies (2023). ‘Why would you swap your nice warm van, where you can eat your butties and listen to the radio?’ Mainstreaming a niche of cycle logistics in the United Kingdom. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103062
Faheem Ahmed Malik, Robert Egan, Conor Mark Dowling et al (2023). Factors influencing e-cargo bike mode choice for small businesses. Science Direct https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113253
Yang, H., Landes, H. and Joseph Y.J. Chow (2023). A large-scale analytical residential parcel delivery model evaluating greenhouse gas emissions, COVID-19 impact, and cargo bikes. International journal of transportation science and technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2023.08.002.

2022

Brost, M., Ehrenberger, E., Dasgupta, I., Hahn, R., and Gebhardt, L. (2022). The Potential of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection Through Substitution for Passenger Car Trips - Germany as a case study. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Prepared for LEVA-EU. https://www.dropbox.com/s/r0sbnfd88e49ip3/2022-03-15_LEV4Climate_DLR_report.pdf?dl=0.
Carracedo, D., and Mostofi, H. (2022). Electric cargo bikes in urban areas: A new mobility option for private transportation. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100705.
Cudok, A., Neugebauer, L ., and Vietor, T. (2022). Increasing Acceptance for Refurbished Products at the Example of E-Cargo Bikes. Procedia CIRP. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.095.
Gonzalez-Calderon, C.A., Posada-Henao, J.J., Granada-Muñoza, C.A., et al. (2022). Cargo bicycles as an alternative to make sustainable last-mile deliveries in Medellin, Colombia. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.04.006.
Narayanan, S., and Antoniou, C. (2022). Electric cargo cycles - A comprehensive review. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.011.
Narayanan, S., Gruber, J., Liedtke, G., and Antoniou, C. (2022). Purchase intention and actual purchase of cargo cycles: Influencing factors and policy insights. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.10.007.
Schünemann, J., Finke, S., Severengiz, S., Schelte, N., and Gandhi, S. (2022). Life Cycle Assessment on Electric Cargo Bikes for the Use-Case of Urban Freight Transportation in Ghana. Procedia CIRP. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.120.

2021

Fontaine, P. (2021). The Vehicle Routing Problem with Load-Dependent Travel Times for Cargo Bicycles. European Journal of Operational Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.09.009.
Giordano, Matthews, Baptista & Fischbeck (2021). Impacts of topography and weather barriers on commercial cargo bicycle energy using urban delivery crowdsourced cycling data. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103326.
Possible., ATA., and KR Foundation. (2021). The Promise of Low-Carbon Freight: Benefits of cargo bikes in London. https://smarttransportpub.blob.core.windows.net/web/1/root/the-promise-of-low-carbon-freight.pdf.
Thomas, A. (2021). Electric bicycles and cargo bikes—Tools for parents to keep on biking in auto-centric communities? Findings from a US metropolitan area. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2021.1914787.

Earlier

Arnold, F., Cardenas, I., Sörensen, K., and Dewulf, W. (2018, revised). Simulation of B2C e-commerce distribution in Antwerp using cargo bikes and delivery points. European Transport Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-017-0272-6.
Assmann, T., and Behrendt, F. (2017). Determining optimal container heights for cargobike crossdocking schemes in urban areas. Conference: 10th International Doctoral Students Workshop on Logistics, At Magdeburg, Germany.
Hofmann, W., Assmann, T., Neghabadi, P. D., Cung, V.D., and Tolujevs, J. (2017). A Simulation Tool to Assess the Integration of Cargo Bikes into an Urban Distribution System. Conference: The 5th International Workshop on Simulation for Energy, Sustainable Development & Environment, At Barcelona, Spain. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01875988.
Landesinstitut Für Arbeitsgestaltung. Good vibrations? Unterschätztes Risiko von Vibrationen bei Lastenpedelecs. Retrieved from https://www.lia.nrw.de/service/publikationen-downloads/LIA_fakten/index.html.
Melo, S., and Baptista, P. (2017). Evaluating the impacts of using cargo cycles on urban logistics:integrating traffic, environmental and operational boundaries. European Transport Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-017-0246-8.

Question 2

Electric Cycles

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Rolland, C. de, Morency, C. and Bourdeau, J.-S. (2025). Developing a route calculator for e-bikes based on GPS data. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101377.
Abbas, M., Iftikhar, H., Liu, Y. (2025). Electrifying transportation: Social, cultural and environmental factors affecting electric bicycle buying intention. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104652
Tarroja, B., Forrest, K., Yamada, K., Saha, R. and Hyland, M. (2025). Estimating the Electricity System Benefits of Scaling up E-Bike Usage in California. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144840.
Zhang, Y., Kasraian, D. and van Wesemael, P. (2025). Exploring the built environment’s impact on E-bikes: Longitudinal evidence from the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104643.
Olayode, O. I., Jamei, E., Frimpong, J.A. (2025). Integration of e-bikes in public transportation based on their impact, importance, and challenges: A systematic review. Multimodal Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2024.100182.
Wang, P., Zhang, H., Zhang, B., Cheng, S., Lu, F. and Zhang, T. (2025). Spatiotemporal variations of private e-bike trips with explainable data-driven technologies. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105712.
Bigazzi, A., Hassanpour, A., Bardutz, E. (2025). Travel behaviour and greenhouse gas impacts of income-conditioned e-bike purchase incentives. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104519.

2024

Beckers, C., Casier, C., and Witlox, F. (2024). Shedding light on cycling in the dark: Some evidence from Flanders (Belgium). Transport Policy. https://fietsberaad.nl/getmedia/133fbf15-0677-4af8-b48a-e869e559dcea/Beckers-et-al-2024.pdf.aspx.
Hosseini, K., Choudhari, T.P., Stefaniec, A., O’Mahony, M., and Caulfield, B. (2024). E-bike to the future: Scalability, emission-saving, and eco-efficiency assessment of shared electric mobility hubs. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104275.
Jones, L.R., Bennett, C., MacArthur, J.H., and Cherry, C.R. (2024). Consumer purchase response to e-bike incentives: Results from a nationwide stated preference study. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104114.
Jue, X., Cuirong, J., Biao, L., Peng, J., Kang, Q., Ni, Z., Huang, X., Zhong, R., Lian, F., and Ming, Z. (2024). Riding practices of e-bike riders after the implementation of electric bike management regulations: An observational study in Hangzhou, China. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26263.
Kapousizis, G., Sarker, R., Ulak, M.B., and Geurs, K. (2024). User acceptance of smart e-bikes: What are the influential factors? A cross-country comparison of five European countries. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104106.
Khavarian, K., Vosough, S., and Roncoli, C. (2024). Bike users’ route choice behaviour: Expectations from electric bikes versus reality in Greater Helsinki. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100045.
Lin, Z., Hao, Q., Zhao, B., Hu, M., and Pei, G. (2024). Performance analysis of solar electric bikes. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104261.
Mina, G., Bonadonna, A., Peira, G., and Beltramo, R. (2024). How to improve the attractiveness of e-bikes for consumers: Insights from a systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140957.
Møller, M., Useche, S.A., Siebert, F.W., and Janstrup, K.H. (2024). What differentiates e-bike riders from conventional cyclists in Denmark? A user-based study. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101748.
Nosratzadeh, H., Bhowmick, D., Ríos Carmona, A.B., et al. (2024). A scoping review of the design and characteristics of e-bike financial incentives. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2024.2419884.
Nosratzadeh, H., Bhowmick, D., Belén, A., Pearson, L., Thompson, J., Thai, T., and Beck, B. (2024). Implementing without evaluating: The missing link in understanding the effectiveness of financial incentive programs for e-bikes. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105528.
Philips, I., Brown, L., and Cass, N. (2024). E-bike use and ownership in the Lake District National Park, UK. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103813.
Rérat, P., Marincek, D., and Ravalet, E. (2024). How do e-bikes compete with the other modes of transport? Investigating multiple dimensions of a modal shift. Applied Mobilities. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epub/10.1080/23800127.2024.2332006?needAccess=true.
Sun, S., Guo, L., Yang, S., and Cao, J. (2024). Exploring the contributions of e-bike ownership, transit access, and the built environment to car ownership in a developing city. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103834.
Sundfør, H.B., Berntsen, S., Bere, E., and Fyhri, A. (2024). The effects of subsidising e-bikes on mode share and physical activity - A natural experiment. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101752.
Tozluoğlu, C., Liao, Y., and Sprei, F. (2024). Potential of e-bikes to replace passenger car trips and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100043.
Veisten, K., Fyhri, A., Halse, A.H., and Sundfør, H.B. (2024). Cost-benefit assessments of an e-bike subvention programme in Oslo, Norway. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.103974.
Wu, D., Ma, L., and Yan, X. (2024). Exploring the travel behavior of household-owned electric bikes with the consideration of nonlinear effects of factors with the aid of the generalized additive mixed model. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2024.2433199.
Wu, H., Lee, J., and Pettit, C. (2024). Who owns bikes and e-bikes? Insights from a cycling survey in Australia. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101810.
Yang, S.-C., and Lee, Y.-J. (2024). Optimizing e-bike controls for human-bike interaction to enhance riding experience and efficiency. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j .ergon.2024.103651.
Yang, Y., Sloate, E., Khadem, N., Chavis, C., and Frías-Martínez, V. (2024). Comparing e-bike and conventional bicycle use patterns in a public bike share system: A case study of Richmond, VA. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100023.

2023

Caspi, O. (2023). Equity implications of electric bikesharing in Philadelphia. GeoJournal. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10708-022-10698-1
Choi, S.E., Kim, J., and Seo, D. (2023). Travel patterns of free-floating e-bike-sharing users before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104065.
De Kruijf, J., van Lierop, D., Ettema, D., Kroesen, M. and Dijst, M. (2023). E-cycling intention versus behavioral change: Investigating longitudinal changes in e-cycling intention and actual behavior change in daily commuting. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2023.100009.
Edberg, K. (2023). E-biking within a transitioning transport system: the quest for flexible mobility. Mobilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2023.2259111
Jenkins, M., O'Rourke, N., Lustosa, L. et al (2023). Self-selected pedal-assist E-bike use in older adults is moderate-vigorous intensity. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101647
Johnson, N., Fitch-Polse, D.T. and Handy, S.L. (2023). Impacts of e-bike ownership on travel behavior: Evidence from three northern California rebate programs. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.06.014.
Lee, K. and Sener, I.N. (2023). E-bikes Toward Inclusive Mobility: A Literature Review of Perceptions, Concerns, and Barriers. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100940.
Liu, J., Chen, X. (2023). Analysis of college students' phone call behaviour while riding e-bikes: An application of the extended theory of planned behaviour. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101635
Liu, M., Zhang, K., Liang, Y., et al. (2023). Life cycle environmental and economic assessment of electric bicycles with different batteries in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135715.
Melia, S. and Bartle, C. (2021). Who uses e-bikes in the UK and why? International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2021.1956027.
Minh Hieu Nguyen, Duy Quy Nguyen-Phuoc, Lester W. Johnson (2023). Why do parents intend to permit their children to ride e-bikes? Empirical evidence from Vietnam. Science Direct https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100586
Næss, R., Heidenreich, S. and Gisle Solbu (2023). Sensory and emotional dimensions of domesticating new technology: an experiment with new e-bike users in Norway. Mobilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2023.2230372.
Sun, S., Wang, Z., Wang, W. (2023) Can free-floating electric bike sharing promote more sustainable urban mobility? Evidence from a life cycle environmental impact assessment. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137862
Tatsuya Fukushige, Dillon T. Fitch, Susan Handy (2023). Estimating Vehicle-miles travelled reduced from Dock-less E-bike-share: Evidence from Sacramento, California. Science Direct https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103671
Wang, H., Fen Su, F., and Schwebel, D.C. (2023). Mobile phone use while cycling among e-bikers in China: Reasoned or social reactive? Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.01.002.
Zhou, J., Li, Z., Dong, S., Sun, J. and Zhang, Y. (2023). Visualization and bibliometric analysis of e-bike studies: A systematic literature review (1976–2023). Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103891.
Zhou, Y., Yu, Y., Wang, Y., Hem B., and Yang, L. (2023). Mode substitution and carbon emission impacts of electric bike sharing systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104312.

2022

Bourne, J.E., Kelly, P., and Mutrie, N. (2022). The rise of the electrically assisted bicycle and the individual, social and environmental impacts of use. Advances in Transport Policy and Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.atpp.2022.04.003.
Brost, M., Ehrenberger, E., Dasgupta, I., Hahn, R., and Gebhardt, L. (2022). The Potential of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection Through Substitution for Passenger Car Trips - Germany as a case study. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Prepared for LEVA-EU. https://www.dropbox.com/s/r0sbnfd88e49ip3/2022-03-15_LEV4Climate_DLR_report.pdf?dl=0.
Chai, H., Zhang, Z., Xue, J., and Hu, H. (2022). A quantitative traffic performance comparison study of bicycles and E-bikes at the non-signalized intersections: Evidence from survey data. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106853.
Haufe, S., Boeck, H., Hackl, S., et al (2022). Impact of electrically assisted bicycles on physical activity and traffic accident risk: a prospective observational study. BMJ Journals. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001275
Huang, Y., Jiang, L., Chen, H., Dave, K., and Parry, T. (2022). Comparative life cycle assessment of electric bikes for commuting in the UK. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103213.
Jenkins, M., Lustosa, L., Chia, V. et al. (2022). What do we know about pedal assist E-bikes? A scoping review to inform future directions. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.09.005.
Kumar, R., Pachauri, R. K., Badoni, P., et al. (2022). Investigation on parallel hybrid electric bicycle along with issuer management system for mountainous region. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132430.
Li, L., Liu, B., Zheng, W., Wu, X., Song, L., and Dong, W. (2022). Investigation and numerical reconstruction of a full-scale electric bicycle fire experiment in high-rise residential building. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102304.
Mehra, A., Singh, R., Chauhan, A.S. et al. (2022). Design and analysis of an electric bike chassis. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.247.
Morgan Hughey, S., Sella, J., Adams, J.D., et al. (2022). It's electric! Measuring energy expenditure and perceptual differences between bicycles and electric-assist bicycles. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2022.101523.
Murugan, M. and Marisamynathan, S. (2022). Estimation of two-wheeler users’ mode shift behavior and policy analysis to encourage electric-bike adoption in India. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.06.006.
Philips, I., Anable, J. and Chatterton, T. (2022). E-bikes and their capacity to reduce car CO2 emissions. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.11.019.
Sahwal, C.P., Dinh, T.Q., and Sengupta, S. (2022). Controller development of thermal management system for electric bikes. Energy Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.135.
Septiadi, W.N., Alim, M., and Adi, M.N.P. (2022). The application of battery thermal management system based on heat pipes and phase change materials in the electric bike. Journal of Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106014.
Shuai, C., Yang, F., Wang, W., Shan, J., Zheng, C., and Xin, O. (2022). Promoting Charging Safety of Electric Bicycles via Machine Learning. iScience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105786.
Sweeney, S., Lhachemi, H., Mannion, A., Russo, G., and Shorten, R. (2022). Pitchfork-bifurcation-based competitive and collaborative control of an E-bike system. Automatica. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2022.110595.
Xu, C., Wang, L., Easa, S.M., and Yang, Y. (2022). Analysis of students’ anger during riding electric bicycles on campus. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09561.
Zhang, F., Ji, Y., Lv, H., et al. (2022). Self-reported anger among ordinary and delivery electric bike riders in China: A comparison based on the cycling anger scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.06.002.
Zhou, X., Ji, Y., and Yuan, Y. et al. (2022). Spatiotemporal characteristics analysis of commuting by shared electric bike: A case study of Ningbo, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132337.
Zhu, Z., and Lu, C. (2022). Life cycle assessment of shared electric bicycle on greenhouse gas emissions in China. Science of The Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160546

2021

Alessio, H. M., Reiman, T., Kemper, B., Von Carlowitz, W., Bailer, A. J., and Timmerman, K. (2021). Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses to a Simulated Commute on an E-Bike. Translational Journal of the ACSM. https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000155.
Anderson, A., Adell, E., and Hiselius, L. W. (2021). What is the substitution effect of e-bikes? A randomised controlled trial. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102648.
Deakin, N. L. (2021). Recognising the physical and social characteristics of urban cycling environments (PHD). Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam. https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/0b2cb8ed-3d15-4b65-9c1f-2bbd61ba8be1.
Hallberg, M., Rasmussen, T. K., and Rich, J. (2021). Modelling the impact of cycle superhighways and electric bicycles. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.015.
Mitterwallner, V., Steinbauer, P. M., Besold, A., et al. (2021). Electrically assisted mountain biking: Riding faster, higher, farther in natural mountain systems. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100448.
Rérat, P. (2021). The rise of the e-bike: Towards an extension of the practice of cycling? Mobilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2021.1897236.
Stilo, L., Segura-Velandia, D., Lugo, H., Conway, P. P., and West, A. A. (2021). Electric bicycles, next generation low carbon transport systems: A survey. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100347.
Thomas, A. (2021). Electric bicycles and cargo bikes—Tools for parents to keep on biking in auto-centric communities? Findings from a US metropolitan area. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2021.1914787.
Tscharaktschiew, S., & Müller, S. (2021). Ride to the hills, ride to your school: Physical effort and mode choice. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102983.

2020

Bourne, J, E., Cooper, A, R., Kelly, P., Kinnear, F, J., England, C., Leary, S., and Page, A. (2020). The impact of e-cycling on travel behaviour: A scoping review. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100910.
Fyhri, A., and Sundfør, H., B. (2020). Do people who buy e-bikes cycle more? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102422.
Hasnine, S., Dianat, A., and Nurul Habib, K. (2020). Investigating the factors affecting the distance travel and health conditions of e-bike users in Toronto. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100265.
Kazemzadeh, K., and Ronchi, E. (2020). From bike to electric bike level-of-service. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2021.1900450.
McQueen, M., MacArthur, J., and Cherry, C. (2020). The e-bike potential: estimating regional e-bike impacts on greenhouse gas emissions. Transport Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102482.

Earlier

Xu, C., Wang, C. (2019). Analysis of E-bike Trip Duration and Frequency by Bayesian Duration and Zero-inflated Count Models. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0674-1.
Hoj, T.H., Bramwell, J.J., Lister, C., et al. (2018). Increasing Active Transportation Through E-Bike Use: Pilot Study Comparing the Health Benefits, Attitudes, and Beliefs Surrounding E-Bikes and Conventional Bikes. JMIR Publications. https://doi.org/10.2196/10461.
Astegiano, P., Tampere, C., Mayeres, I., and Himpe. (2017). Electric Cycling in Flanders: Empirical Research into the Functional Use of the e-Bike. KU Leuven. KU Leuven.
Behrendt, F. (2015). Why cycling matters for electric mobility: towards diverse, active and sustainable e-mobilities. Mobilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2017.1335463.
Berntsen, S., Malnes, L., Langaker, A., and Bere, E. (2017). Physical activity when riding an electric assisted bicycle. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0513-z.
Fishman, E., & Cherry, C. (2015). E-bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1069907.
Fyhri, A., Heinen, E., Fearnley, N., amd Sundfør, H.B. (2017). A push to cycling—exploring the e-bike's role in overcoming barriers to bicycle use with a survey and an intervention study. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2017.1302526.
Huertas-Leyva, P., Dozzal, M., and Baldanzini, N. (2019). E-bikers’ braking behavior: Results from a naturalistic cycling study. Traffic Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1643015.
Kennisinstituut voor Mobiliteitsbeleid (KiM). (2019). Gebruik van e-fiets en effecten op andere vervoerwijzen. https://www.kimnet.nl/publicaties/rapporten/2019/12/02/gebruik-van-e-fiets-en-effecten-op-andere-vervoerwijzen.
Ling, Z., Cherry,. MacArthur, J. H., and Weinert, X. J. (2017). Differences of Cycling Experiences and Perceptions between E-Bike and Bicycle Users in the United States. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091662.
Liu, Y., Ji, Y., Liu, Q., and He, M. (2017). Investigating electric bicycles as a travel mode choice for escorting children to school. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.3141/2634-02.
Salmerón-Manzano, E., and Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2018). The Electric Bicycle: Worldwide Research Trends. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11071894.
Plazier, P. A., Weitkamp, G., and van den Berg, A. E. (2017). “Cycling was never so easy!” An analysis of e-bike commuters’ motives, travel behaviour and experiences using GPS-tracking and interviews. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.09.017.
Plazier, P. A., Weitkamp, G., and van den Berg, A. E. (2017). The potential for e-biking among the younger population: A study of Dutch students. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2017.04.007.
Plazier, P., van den Berg, A. E., and Weitkamp, G. (2016). Commuting by e-bike: a mixed methods approach. RGS-IBG Conference, London, United Kingdom.

Question 3

Electric Motorcycles

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Eccarius, E., Chen, C.-F. (2024). A deeper look at switching intention to electric moped: Magnitude vs Uncertainty. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100901.
Fleur, L.L., Lindkvist, E., Trångteg, R., Winter, S. and Thollander, P. (2024). Riding the future: Environmental, primary energy and economic analysis of an electric motorcycle - A Kenyan case study. Energy Sustainable Development/Energy for sustainable development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.10157.
Glachant, C. and Behrendt, F. (2024). Negotiating the bicycle path: A study of moped user stereotypes and behaviours in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.015.
Nguyen-Phuoc, D.Q., Su, D.N., Truong, A., et al. (2025). How do perceptions of risk influence the adoption of electric motorcycles? A theory-based investigation considering the multidimensional nature of risk. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.12.034.
Nguyen-Phuoc, D.Q., Truong, T.M., An, N., Luu, T.T. and Su, D.N. (2025). Intention to adopt electric motorcycles in developing markets: Examining the role of image, motivators and barriers through the behavioral reasoning theory framework. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.005.

2024

Amedokpo, Y. T. (2024). Tracking early adoption of electric motorcycles: The mototaxi riders’ experience in Lomé. Transportation research. Part D, Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104184.
Bonisoli, L., Cruz, A., and Rogel, K. (2024). Revving towards sustainability: Environmentalism impact on electric motorcycle adoption. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140262.
Nguyen-Phuoc, D.Q., Truong, T.M., Nguyen, M.H., et al. (2024). What factors influence the intention to use electric motorcycles in motorcycle-dominated countries? An empirical study in Vietnam. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.11.013.

2023

2022

Brost, M., Ehrenberger, E., Dasgupta, I., Hahn, R., and Gebhardt, L. (2022). The Potential of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection Through Substitution for Passenger Car Trips - Germany as a case study. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Prepared for LEVA-EU. https://www.dropbox.com/s/r0sbnfd88e49ip3/2022-03-15_LEV4Climate_DLR_report.pdf?dl=0.
Carranza, G., Do Nascimiento, M., Fanals, J., Febrer, J., and Valderrama, C. (2022). Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of the electric motorcycle in the city of Barcelona and the impact on air pollution. Science of The Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153419.

2020

Eccarius, T. and Lu, C.C. (2020). Powered two-wheelers for sustainable mobility: A review of consumer adoption of electric motorcycles. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1540735.

Earlier

Koossalapeerom, T., Satiennam, T., Satiennam, Leelapatra, W., Seedam, A., and Rakpukdee, T. (2019). Comparative study of real-world driving cycles, energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions of electric and gasoline motorcycles driving in a congested urban corridor. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.12.031.
Xuan, P. Y., Henz, M., & Weigl. (2013). Environmental impact of Converted Electrical Motorcycle. 2013 World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS27) https://doi.org/10.1109/EVS.2013.6914813.

Question 4

Electric Scooters

Daan van Dieren · Accepted Answer

2025

Chen, S., Cao, Z. and Zhang, X. (2025). Adaptive scootability index: Built environment, travel purpose and e-scooter preferred route. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104117.
Khalid, N., Nur and Nabilah Naharudin (2025). Application of Fuzzy-AHP in GIS in Finding E-Scooter Trail for Street Art. Revue internationale de géomatique. https://doi.org/10.32604/rig.2025.058078.
Chien, Y., Hsieh, I.Y.L. (2025). Enhancing Urban Energy Resilience: Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Strategies within Electric Scooter Battery Swapping Ecosystems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.106004.
Hellinger, A., Ehsani, J.P., Michael, J. et al (2025). Equity zone policies in Baltimore City for shared E-scooters: Notes from the field. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.101995
Khan, N.A., Gurumurthy, K.M., Davatgari, A., et al. (2025). Exploring the Shared E-Scooter adoption behavior: A case study of Chicago, USA. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100056.
Meir, A., Parmet, Y., Borowsky, A. (2025). Ready, set, scoot! Investigating implicit attitudes toward risky e-scooter riding situations: A go/no-go association task study. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106712.
Dibaj, S., Keiichi, H., Goto R., et al. (2025). Latent class approach to classify e-scooter non-users: A comparative study of Helsinki and Tokyo. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100941.
Wen, Y., Cherry, C.R., Bassett, D.R., et al. (2025). Physical activity and muscle activity of riding electric scooters. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101936.
Greaves, S., Beck, M., Rose, G., et al. (2025). Public views on legalising e-scooters: Insights from a Sydney case study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104364.
Mishra, A.R., Rani, P., Alshamrani, A.M., Adel Fahad Alrasheedi and Simic, V. (2025). Sustainable benchmarking of e-scooter micromobility systems: A hybrid q-rung orthopair fuzzy score function and distance measure-based ranking approach. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109934.
Gödde, J. and Scheiner, J. (2025). Spatiotemporal patterns of shared-e-scooter-usage: Studying access, egress and complementary trips to transit. European transport studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ets.2025.100012.
Karami, A., Allahviranloo, M., Samadzad, M. (2025). The impacts of personality traits on the acceptance of shared e-scooters: Evidence from Tehran. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105633.

2024

Al-Habaibeh, A., Watkins, M., Shakmak, B., Javareshk, M.B. and Allison, S. (2024). Assessing air quality and physical risks to E-scooter riders in urban environments through artificial intelligence and a mixed methods approach. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124282.
Anke, J., Ringhand, M. and Petzoldt, T. (2024). Different but also alike? Ingroup-outgroup phenomena among cyclists and e-scooter riders. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.01.008.
Bergantino, A. S., and Gardelli, A. (2024). The contribution of e-scooters services to urban transport resilience. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103869.
Colovic, A., Prencipe, L.P., Giuffrida, N. and Ottomanelli, M. (2024). A multi-objective model to design shared e-kick scooters parking spaces in large urban areas. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103823.
Dibaj, S., Hizaki Keiichi, Goto, R., Taniguchi, A. and Mladenović, M.N. (2024). Latent class approach to classify e-scooter non-users: A comparative study of Helsinki and Tokyo. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100941.
Dirsehan, T. (2024). Why do citizens not prefer to use e-scooters? Views of the public in the Netherlands. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100863.
Emami, E., Ramezani, M. (2024). Integrated operator and user-based rebalancing and recharging in dockless shared e-micromobility systems. Communications in Transportation Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2024.100155.
Fil, M. F., and Dirsehan, T. (2024). Eco? No, Ego-scooters: Steering towards time-saving trails in urban mobility. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101190.
Gioldasis, C., Christoforou, Z., and Katsiadrami, A. (2024). Usage factors influencing e-scooter energy consumption: an empirical investigation. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142165.
Hardinghaus, M., Nieland, S., Oostendorp, R. and Weschke, J. (2024). Developing a multi-method approach to identifying e-scooter hazard hotspots. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2023.03.002.
Jiao, J., Xu, Y. and Li, Y. (2024). Exploring spatial heterogeneity of e-scooter’s relationship with ridesourcing using explainable machine learning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104452.
Kalakoni, A.M.P., Christoforou, Z. and Gioldasis, C. (2024). The ambivalent relationship of e-scooters and public transport: Evidence from France. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.023.
Kwon, N., Chang, I., Lee, J. and Ahn, S. (2024). Analysis of E-scooter Risk Factors by Road Types on Different Speed Levels. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-1335-6.
Mehranfar, V. and Jones, C. (2024). Exploring implications and current practices in e-scooter safety: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.004.
Neves, A., Ferreira, H., Lopes, F.J. and Godina, R. (2024). Environmental Assessment of Electric Scooters: Unveiling Research Gaps, Analyzing Factors, and Charting Pathways for Sustainable Micromobility. Procedia Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.138.
Nikiforiadis, A., Lioupi, C., Fountas, G., Stamatiadis N., and Basbas, S. (2024). Determinants of the travel satisfaction of e-scooter users. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100853.
Roig-Costa, O., Miralles-Guasch, C., Marquet, O. (2024). Disrupted intermodality: Examining adaptation strategies to public transport e-scooter bans in Barcelona. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2024.2434881.
Szemere, D., Iványi, T. and Surman, V. (2024). Exploring electric scooter regulations and user perspectives: A comprehensive study in Hungary. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101135.
Wen, Y., Cherry, C.R., Bassett, D.R., Thorsen, T., Zhang, S., Weinhandl, J.T. and Brakewood, C.E. (2024). Physical activity and muscle activity of riding electric scooters. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101936.
Zakhem, M. and Smith‐Colin, J. (2024). An E-scooter route assignment framework to improve user safety, comfort and compliance with city rules and regulations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103930.
Zhang, Y., Nelson, J.D. and Mulley, C. (2024). Learning from the Evidence: Insights for Regulating E-scooters. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.04.001.

2023

Aarhaug, J., Fearnley, N., and Johnsson, E. (2023). E-scooters and public transport – Complement or competition? Research in Transportation Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101279
Aarhaug, J., Fearnley, N., Hartveit, K.J.L. and Johnsson, E. (2023). Price and competition in emerging shared e-scooter markets. Research in Transportation Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101273
Abouelela, M., Chaniotakis, E., and Antoniou, C. (2023). Understanding the landscape of shared-e-scooters in North America; Spatiotemporal analysis and policy insights. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103602.
Chen, C.-F. and Lee, C.-H. (2023). Investigating shared e-scooter users’ customer value co-creation behaviors and their antecedents: Perceived service quality and perceived value. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.03.015
Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., Pamucar, D., Chen, Y., and Coffman, D. (2023). Sustainable E-scooter parking operation in urban areas using fuzzy Dombi based RAFSI model. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104426.
Echeverría-Su, M., Huamanraime-Maquin, E., Cabrera, F.I., and Vázquez-Rowe, I. (2023). Transitioning to sustainable mobility in Lima, Peru. Are e-scooter sharing initiatives part of the problem or the solution?. Science of The Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161130.
Félix, R., Orozco-Fontalvo, M. and Moura, F. (2023). Socio-economic assessment of shared e-scooters: do the benefits overcome the externalities? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103714
Karimpour, A., Hosseinzadeh, A. and Kluger, R. (2023). A data-driven approach to estimating dockless electric scooter service areas. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2023.103579
Kazemzadeh, K., Haghani, M., and Sprei, F. (2023). Electric scooter safety: An integrative review of evidence from transport and medical research domains. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104313.
Kim, M., Puczkowskyj, N., MacArthur, J. and Dill, J. (2023). Perspectives on e-scooters use: A multi-year cross-sectional approach to understanding e-scooter travel behavior in Portland, Oregon. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103866.
Klein, N., Brown, A., and Thigpen, C. (2023). Clutter and Compliance: Scooter Parking Interventions and Perceptions. Active Travel Studies. https://doi.org/10.16997/ats.1196.
Klein, N., Brown, A. and Thigpen, C. (2021). Naughty Scooter Parking: Do Perceptions Match Reality? Active Travel Studies. https://activetravelstudies.org/article/id/1196/.
Kutela, B., and Mwekh'iga, R.J. (2023). A multi-criteria approach to prioritize electric-scooters ordinances. A case of Bloomington City, Indiana. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.100959.
Leoni, J., Lucchini, A., Strada, S., Tanelli, M. and Savaresi, S.M. (2023). Active Driver Assistance Systems for e-Scooters based on Road Quality and Driving Style Estimation. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1091.
Mehdizadeh, M., Nordfjaern, T., and Klöckner, C.A. (2023). Drunk or Sober? Number of alcohol units perceived to be safe before riding e-scooter. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106930.
Muehlbacher, D., Will, S., Merkel, N., Perterer, N., Mlakar, S., Haller, M. and Perterer, M. (2023). Compliance to eco-riding recommendations on an E-scooter: Effects on energy consumption and user acceptance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100831.
Nitesh R. Shah, Jing Guo, Lee D. Han et al (2023) Why do people take e-scooter trips? Insights on temporal and spatial usage patterns of detailed trip data. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103705
Nikiforiadis, A., Paschalidis, E., Stamatiadis, N., et al. (2023). E-scooters and other mode trip chaining: Preferences and attitudes of university students. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103636.
Oviedo, D., Moore, C., Trofimova, A. (2023). Toy or Tool: Expectations, Impacts, and Contradictions of E-Scooters from a Social-Exclusion Perspective. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4363779
Reis, A.F., Baptista, P., and Moura, F (2023). How to promote the environmental sustainability of shared e-scooters: A life-cycle analysis based on a case study from Lisbon, Portugal. Journal of Urban Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100044.
Samadzad, M., Nosratzadeh, H., Karami, H. and Karami, A. (2023). What are the factors affecting the adoption and use of electric scooter sharing systems from the end user’s perspective? Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.03.006
Sobrino, N., Gonzalez, J.N., Vassallo, J.M., and de los Angeles Baeza, M. (2023). Regulation of shared electric kick scooters in urban areas: Key drivers from expert stakeholders. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.02.009.
Šucha, M., Drimlová, E., Rečka, K., et al. (2023) E-scooter riders and pedestrians: Attitudes and interactions in five countries. Heliyon Open Access. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15449
Tuli, F.M., Nithila, A.N. and Mitra, S. (2023). Uncovering the spatio-temporal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shared e-scooter usage: A spatial panel model. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100843
Ventura, R., Ghirardi, A., Vetturi, D., Giulio Maternini and Barabino, B. (2023). Comparing the vibrational behaviour of e-kick scooters and e-bikes: Evidence from Italy. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2023.10.010.
Wallgren, P., Rexfelt, O. and Nikitas, A. (2023). Comparing the bad media-fuelled reputation of e-scooters with real-life user and non-user perceptions: Evidence from Sweden. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.10.005.
Wei, W., Petit, Y., Arnoux, P-J., and Bailly, N. (2023). Head-ground impact conditions and helmet performance in E-scooter falls. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106935.
White, E., Guo, F., Han, S., et al. (2023). What factors contribute to e-scooter crashes: A first look using a naturalistic riding approach. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.02.002.
Yan, X., Zhao, X., Broaddus, A., et al. (2023). Evaluating shared e-scooters’ potential to enhance public transit and reduce driving. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103640.
Zarafsh ani, H., Watjanatepin, P., Lepelaar, M., et al. (2023). Environmental assessment of woven hemp fibre reinforced epoxy composites and potential applications in aerospace and electric scooter industries. Results in Materials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100474.

2022

Altintasi, O., and Yalcinkaya, S. (2022). Siting charging stations and identifying safe and convenient routes for environmentally sustainable e-scooter systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104020.
Ayyildiz, E. (2022). A novel pythagorean fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology for e-scooter charging station location-selection. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103459.
Bascones, K., Maio Méndez, T.E., and Yañez Siller, F.A. (2022). E-scooter accidents: A new epidemic. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recot.2022.02.001.
Blazanin, G., Mondal, A., Asmussen, K.E., and Bhat, C.R. (2022). E-scooter sharing and bikesharing systems: An individual-level analysis of factors affecting first-use and use frequency. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2021.103515.
Brauner, T., Heumann, M., Kraschewski, T., et al. (2022). Web content mining analysis of e-scooter crash causes and implications in Germany. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106833.
Brost, M., Ehrenberger, E., Dasgupta, I., Hahn, R., and Gebhardt, L. (2022). The Potential of Light Electric Vehicles for Climate Protection Through Substitution for Passenger Car Trips - Germany as a case study. German Aerospace Center (DLR) Prepared for LEVA-EU. https://www.dropbox.com/s/r0sbnfd88e49ip3/2022-03-15_LEV4Climate_DLR_report.pdf?dl=0.
Bodansky, D.M.S., Gach, M.W., Grant, M. et al. (2022). Legalisation of e-scooters in the UK: the injury rate and pattern is similar to those of bicycles in an inner city metropolitan area. Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.016.
Choi, S., Kwak, K., Yang, S., Lim, S., and Woo, JR. (2022). Effects of policy instruments on electric scooter adoption in Jakarta, Indonesia: A discrete choice experiment approach. Economic Analysis and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.08.015.
Chu, J., Lin, H., Liao, H et al (2022). Dynamic repositioning problem of dockless electric scooter sharing systems. Taylor & Francis Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2022.2129209
Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., and Pamucar, D. et al. (2022). Safe E-scooter operation alternative prioritization using a q-rung orthopair Fuzzy Einstein based WASPAS approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131239.
Esztergár-Kiss, D., Tordai, D., and Lopez Lizarraga, J.C. (2022). Assessment of travel behavior related to e-scooters using a stated preference experiment. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.11.010.
Eyers V, Parry I and Zaid M (2022) In-Depth Investigation of E-Scooter Performance TRL Ltd https://mcusercontent.com/e31ae4ccb161b26b48f29468d/files/69a11740-598b-13f2-d014-50d19ddbec71/ACA104_In_Depth_Investigation_of_E_Scooter_Performance.pdf
Foissaud, N., Gioldasis, C., Tamura, S., Christoforou, Z., and Farhi, N. (2022). Free-floating e-scooter usage in urban areas: A spatiotemporal analysis. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103335.
Gebhardt, L., Ehrenberger, S., Wolf, C., and Cyganski, R. (2022). Can shared E-scooters reduce CO2 emissions by substituting car trips in Germany? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103328.
Heydari, S., Forrest, M., Preston, J. (2022). Investigating the association between neighbourhood characteristics and e-scooter safety. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103982.
Javadinasr, M., Asgharpour, S., Rahimi, E., et al. (2022). Eliciting attitudinal factors affecting the continuance use of E-scooters: An empirical study in Chicago. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.03.019.
Karpinski, E., Bayles, E., Daigle, L., and Mantine, D. (2022). Comparison of motor-vehicle involved e-scooter fatalities with other traffic fatalities. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.008.
Kazemzadeh, K., and Sprei, F. (2022). Towards an electric scooter level of service: A review and framework. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.06.005.
Kimpton, A., Loginova, J., Pojani, D., et al. (2022). Weather to scoot? How weather shapes shared e-scooter ridership patterns. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103439.
Leoni, J., Tanelli, M., Strada, S.C., and Savaresi, S.M. (2022). Assessing e-scooters safety and drivability: a quantitative analysis. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.294.
Leurent, F. (2022). What is the value of swappable batteries for a shared e-scooter service? Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2022.100843.
Li, H., Yuan, Z., Novack, T., Huang, W., and Zipf, A. (2022). Understanding spatiotemporal trip purposes of urban micro-mobility from the lens of dockless e-scooter sharing. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101848.
Li, A., Zhao, P., and Liu, X. et al. (2022). Comprehensive comparison of e-scooter sharing mobility: Evidence from 30 European cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103229.
Li, H., Yuan, Z., and Novack, T., et al. (2022). Understanding spatiotemporal trip purposes of urban micro-mobility from the lens of dockless e-scooter sharing. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101848.
Liazos, A., Iliopoulou, C., Kepaptsoglou, K., and Bakogiannis, E. (2022). Geofence planning for electric scooters. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103149.
Ma, Q., Xin, Y., Yang, H., and Xie, K. (2022). Connecting metros with shared electric scooters: Comparisons with shared bikes and taxis. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103376.
Maher, F., Dháibhéid, C.M., Bowe, C., and Kearns, G. (2022). Maxillofacial injuries and electric scooter use in Ireland. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.11.174.
McQueen, M., and Clifton, k.j. (2022). Assessing the perception of E-scooters as a practical and equitable first-mile/last-mile solution. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.09.021.
Mouratidis, K. (2022). Bike-sharing, car-sharing, e-scooters, and Uber: Who are the shared mobility users and where do they live?. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104161.
Öztaş Karlı, R.G., Karlı, H., and Çelikyay, H.S. (2022). Investigating the acceptance of shared e-scooters: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.03.018.
Shichman, I., Shaked, O., Factor, S., et al. (2022). The association between electric scooter riding position and injury characteristics. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.11.009.
Suominen, E., Sajanti, A., Silver, E. et al. (2022). Alcohol intoxication and lack of helmet use are common in Electric Scooter related Traumatic Brain Injuries: a consecutive patient series from a tertiary university hospital. Brain and Spine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2022.101553.
Tokey, A.I., Shioma, S.A., and Jamal, S. (2022). Analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of e-scooter usage in Minneapolis: Effects of the built and social environment. Multimodal Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2022.100037.
Tzouras, P.G., Mitropoulos, L., Stavropoulou, E. et al. (2022). Agent-based models for simulating e-scooter sharing services: A review and a qualitative assessment. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.02.001.
Useche, S.A., O'Hern, S., Gonzalez-Marin, A., et al. (2022). Unsafety on two wheels, or social prejudice? Proxying behavioral reports on bicycle and e-scooter riding safety – A mixed-methods study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.06.015.
Vallamsundar, S., Jaikumar, R., Venugopal, M. (2022). Exploring the Spatial-temporal dynamics of travel patterns and air pollution exposure of E-scooters. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103477.
Walton, T., Torija, A.J., and Elliott, A.S. (2022). Development of electric scooter alerting sounds using psychoacoustical metrics. Applied Acoustics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.109136.
Wang, K., Qian, X., Fitch, D.T. et al. (2022). What travel modes do shared e-scooters displace? A review of recent research findings. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2021.2015639.
Weschke, J., Oostendorp, R., and Hardinghaus, M. (2022). Mode shift, motivational reasons, and impact on emissions of shared e-scooter usage. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103468.
Yang, H., Bao, Y., Huo, J., et al. (2022). Impact of road features on shared e-scooter trip volume: A study based on multiple membership multilevel model. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.04.005.
Yang, H., Zheng, R., Li, X., et al. (2022). Nonlinear and threshold effects of the built environment on e-scooter sharing ridership. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103453.
Yun, H., Kim, E., Ham, S. et al (2022). Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement service. Taylor & Francis Online. Price incentive strategy for the E-scooter sharing service using deep reinforcement learning: Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Vol 0, No 0 (tandfonline.com)
Zhu, R., Kondor, D., and Cheng, C. et al. (2022). Solar photovoltaic generation for charging shared electric scooters. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118728.
Zuniga-Garcia, N., Tec, M., Scott, J.G., and Machemehl, R.B. (2022). Evaluation of e-scooters as transit last-mile solution. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2022.103660.

2021

Abouelela, M., Haddad, C. A., and Antoniu, C. (2021). Are young users willing to shift from carsharing to scooter–sharing? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102821.
Brown, A. (2021). Micromobility, Macro Goals: Aligning scooter parking policy with broader city objectives. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100508.
Che, M., Lum, K.M., and Wong, Y.D. (2021). Users’ attitudes on electric scooter riding speed on shared footpath: A virtual reality study. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1718252.
Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena). (2021). E-Scooter-Sharing – eine ganzheitliche Bilanz: Potenziale von E-Scootern für eine nachhaltigere, urbane Mobilität. https://www.dena.de/newsroom/meldungen/studie-e-scooter-sharing/.
Haworth, Schramm and Twisk (2021). Changes in shared and private e-scooter use in Brisbane, Australia and their safety implications. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106451.
Jiao, J. (2021). Shared micro-mobility: The rise of and the future of E-scooters. Shared Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822900-2.00008-1.
Karlsen, K., and Fyhri, A. (2021). The joy and trouble with e-scooters. Institute of Transport Economics Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. https://www.toi.no/publications/the-joy-and-trouble-with-e-scooters-article36886-29.html.
Karlsen, K., Johnsson, E., Fyhri, A., and Pokorny, P. (2021). Parking solutions for shared e-scooters. Institute of Transport Economics Norwegian Centre for Transport Research. https://www.toi.no/publications/parking-solutions-for-shared-e-scooters-article36746-29.html.
Kopplin, S, C., Brand, M, B., and Reichenberger, Y. (2021). Consumer acceptance of shared e-scooters for urban and short-distance mobility. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102680.
Latinopoulos, C., Patrier, A. and Sivakumar, A. (2021). Planning for e-scooter use in metropolitan cities: A case study for Paris. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103037.
Lipovsky, C. (2021). Free-floating electric scooters: representation in French mainstream media. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1809752.
Lee, H., Baek, K., Chung, J. H., and Kim, J. (2021). Factors affecting heterogeneity in willingness to use e-scooter sharing services. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102751.
Lee, J. K., Yun, C. H., and Yun, M. H. (2021). Contextual risk factors in the use of electric kick scooters: An episode sampling inquiry. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105233.
Leung, A. Burke, M., Kaufman, B., Zu., and Yang, E. (2021). Micromobility and toursit dispersal in Townsville: Do e-scooters help tourists spread out, visit more sites and spend more? Griffith University. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qML5MzWaGrqbHz5QMgg1aElBuktqB9jV/view.
Ma, Q., Yang, H., Ma, Y., Yang, D., Hu, X., and Xie, K. (2021). Examining municipal guidelines for users of shared E-Scooters in the United States. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102710.
Merlin, L, A., Yan, X., Xu, Y., and Zhao, X. (2021). A segment-level model of shared, electric scooter origins and destinations. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102709.
Mitra, R., and Hess, P. M. (2021). Who are the potential users of shared e-scooters? An examination of socio-demographic, attitudinal and environmental factors. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.12.004.
Ratan, R., Earle, K., Roesenthal, S., et al. (2021). The (digital) medium of mobility is the message: Examining the influence of e-scooter mobile app perceptions on e-scooter use intent. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100076.
Siebert, F. W., Ringhand, M., Englert, F., et al. (2021). Braking bad – Ergonomic design and implications for the safe use of shared E-scooters. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105294.
Wang, Y., Wu, J., Chen, K., and Liu, P. (2021). Are shared electric scooters energy efficient? Communications in Transportation Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2021.100022.
Yang, H., Huo, J., Bao, Y., Li, X., Yang, L., and Cherry, C.R. (2021). Impact of e-scooter sharing on bike sharing in Chicago. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.09.012.
Yang, X., Yang, W., Zhang, X. et al. (2021). A spatiotemporal analysis of e-scooters’ relationships with transit and station-based bikeshare. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103088.
Zhang, W., Buehler, R., Broaddus, A., and Sweeney, T. (2021). What type of infrastructures do e-scooter riders prefer? A route choice model. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102761.
Zuniga-Garcia, N., Ruiz Juri, N., Perrine, A. K., & Machemehl, B. R. (2021). E-scooters in urban infrastructure: understanding sidewalk, bike lane, and roadway usage from trajectory data. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.04.004.

2020

Sanders, R. L., Branion-Calles, M., and Nelson, T. A. (2020). To scoot or not to scoot: Findings from a recent survey about the benefits and barriers of using E-scooters for riders and non-riders. Transportation Research Part A: policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.07.009.
Severengiz, S., Finke, S., Schelte, N., and Wendt, N. (2020). Life Cycle Assessment on the Mobility Service E-Scooter Sharing. 2020 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit. 10.1109/E-TEMS46250.2020.9111817.

Question 5

Health

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2024

Bretones, A., Miralles-Guasch, C. and Marquet, O. (2024). Real-world and traffic-adjusted physical activity levels of micromobility modes in Barcelona. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101732.
De Freitas, M. L. and Axhausen, K.W. (2024). The influence of individual physical capabilities for cycling adoption: Understanding its influence and mode-shift potentials. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104105.
Mehdizadeh, M. (2024). The ramifications of emerging mobility modes on active travel. Journal of transport & health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101839.
Roaf, E., Lawlor, E.R. and Larrington-Spencer, H. (2024). What interventions increase active travel? Advances in transport policy and planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.atpp.2023.11.004.
Seyed Hamidreza Heidary and Amin Komeili (2024). A technical study on the design of electric bicycles: applications in intervention programs. Elsevier eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90597-8.00012-8.
Sundfør, H., Berntsen, S., Bere, E. and Fyhri, A. (2024). The effects of subsidising e-bikes on mode share and physical activity - A natural experiment. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101752.
Yang, S.-C. and Lee, Y.-J. (2024). Exploring the preferred load pattern and physiological intensity for on-road exercising with electrically assisted bicycles. Journal of transport & health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101831.

2023

Bretones, A., and Marquet, O. (2023). Riding to health: Investigating the relationship between micromobility use and objective physical activity in Barcelona adults. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101588.
McVicar, J., Keske, M.A., O’Riordan, S.F., Parker, L., Betik, A.C. and Maddison, R. (2023). Exploring the feasibility of a 6-week electric-bike intervention with behavioural support in Australia. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101706.
Wei, W., Petit, Y., Arnoux, P-J., and Bailly, N. (2023). Head-ground impact conditions and helmet performance in E-scooter falls. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106935.
White, E., Guo, F., Han, S., et al. (2023). What factors contribute to e-scooter crashes: A first look using a naturalistic riding approach. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.02.002.

2022

2021

Earlier

Berntsen, S., Malnes, L., Langåker, A., and Bere, E. (2017). Physical activity when riding an electric assisted bicycle. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0513-z.
Boele-Vos, M. J., Commandeur, J. J. F., and Twisk, D. A. M. (2017). Effect of physical effort on mental workload of cyclists in real traffic in relation to age and use of pedelecs. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.11.025.
Bourne, J. E., Sauchelli, S., Perry, R., Page, A., Leary, S., England, C., and Cooper, R. A. (2018). Health benefits of electrically-assisted cycling: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0751-8.
Castro, A., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Dons, E., Standaert, A., et al. (2019). Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2019.100017.
Hall, C., Hoj, T. H., Clark, J., Geoff, W., Chaney, R. A., Crookston, B., and West, J. (2019). Pedal-Assist Mountain Bikes: A Pilot Study Comparison of the Exercise Response, Perceptions, and Beliefs of Experienced Mountain Bikers. JMIR Formative Research. https://doi.org/10.2196/13643.
Höchsmann, C., Meister, S., Gehrig, D., et al. (2018). Effect of E-Bike Versus Bike Commuting on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight Adults: A 4-Week Randomized Pilot Study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000438.
Langford, B.C., Cherry, C., Bassett Jr, D., Fitzhugh, E., and Dhaka, N. (2017). Comparing physical activity of pedal-assist electric bikes with walking and conventional bicycles. Journal of Transport. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.06.002.
Stokols, D., Novaco, R. W., Stokols, J., and Campbell, J. (1978). Traffic congestion, Type A behavior, and stress. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.467.
Peterman, J.E., Morris, K.L., Kram, R., and Byrnes, C. W. (2016). Pedelecs as a physically active transportation mode. European Journal of Applied Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3408-9.
Sundfør, H. B., and Fyhri, A. (2017). A push for public health: the effect of e-bikes on physical activity levels. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4817-3.
Twisk, D. A. M., Platteel, S., and Lovegrove, G. R. (2017). An experiment on rider stability while mounting: Comparing middle-aged and elderly cyclists on pedelecs and conventional bicycles. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.01.004.
Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Yang, J. et al. (2018). Road traffic injuries among riders of electric bike/electric moped in southern China. Traffic Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1423681.

Question 6

Logistics

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Galkin, A., Švadlenka, L., Vrba, R. and de Oliveira, L.K.(2025). Evaluation of cargo bike program for parcel deliveries in a medium-sized city. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104609.
Amaya, J., Encarnación, T. and Cantillo, V. (2025). Sustainable last mile delivery alternatives: Influencing factors and willingness to use. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104574.

2024

Corti, F., Iacono, S. D., Astolfi, D., Pasetti, M., Vasile, A., Reatti, A. and Flammini, A. (2024). A comprehensive review of charging infrastructure for Electric Micromobility Vehicles: Technologies and challenges. Energy reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.06.02.
De Bok, M., Giasoumi, S., Tavasszy, L., Thoen, S., Nadi, A. and Streng, J. (2024). A simulation study of the impacts of micro-hub scenarios for city logistics in Rotterdam. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101186.
Hu, Y., Zhao, M. and Zhao, Z. (2024). Uncovering heterogeneous effects of link-level street environment on e-bike and e-scooter usage. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2024.2419378
International Transport Forum. (2024). Urban Logistics Hub Summary and Conclusions. https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/vt9bcjd2wgz49qwaaspdw/ITF-report-urban-logistics-hubs.pdf?rlkey=kpn1rhrcucmajdawt6jadsr1h&e=2&dl=0.
Liao, F., Vleugel, J., Bösehans, G., Dissanayake, D., Thorpe, N., Bell, M., Bart van Arem and de, H. (2024). Mode substitution induced by electric mobility hubs: Results from Amsterdam. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104118.
Liu, S., Lu, C. and He, G. (2024). Distributed electric bicycle batteries for subway station energy management as a virtual power plant. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123094.
Ma, Y., Yang, L., Li, Z. and Lev, B. (2024). An adaptive genetic algorithm with neighborhood search for integrated O2O takeaway order assignment and delivery optimization by e-bikes with varied compartments. Applied Soft Computing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2024.112277.
Saum, N., Piantanakulchai, M., and Sugiura, S. (2024). Supply level planning for shared e-scooters considering spatiotemporal heteroscedastic demand. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101019.
Wang, D., Xu, Y., Wang, Y. and Chen, Y. (2024). What Determines the Batteries Recycling Behavior of e-bike citizens in Guangzhou?: Integrating Place Identity and Environmental Concern into the Extended Norm Activation Model. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30234.

2023

2021

2020

Tsakalidis, A., Krause, J., Julea, A., Peduzzi, E., Pisoni, E., and Thiel, C. (2020). Electric light commercial vehicles: Are they the sleeping giant of electromobility? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102421.

Earlier

Question 7

Market Potential

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2024

Ahn, H. and Park, E. (2024). The impact of consumers’ sustainable electronic-word-of-mouth in purchasing sustainable mobility: An analysis from online review comments of e-commerce. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2023.101086.
Bhat, F.A. and Verma, A. (2024). Electric two-wheeler adoption in India – A discrete choice analysis of motivators and barriers affecting the potential electric two-wheeler buyers. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.05.004.
Gunes, S., Fried, T. and Goodchild, A. (2024). Seattle microhub delivery pilot: Evaluating emission impacts and stakeholder engagement. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101119.
Hu, Y., Zhao, M. and Zhao, Z. (2024). Uncovering heterogeneous effects of link-level street environment on e-bike and e-scooter usage. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104477.
Jones, L.R., Bennett, C., MacArthur, J.H. and Cherry, C.R. (2024). Consumer purchase response to e-bike incentives: Results from a nationwide stated preference study. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104114.
Milenković, Martinez, A., Grace Lopez Realpe, Maria Rosa Munoz and Saavedra, L. (2024). A holistic approach to introducing a light electric freight vehicle (LEFV) system in a historic urban environment: The case of Quito. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101157.
Nguyen, M.H., Dorina Pojani and Duy Quy Nguyen-Phuoc (2024). The future of personal electric mobility in emerging economies: A survey of e-moto users in Vietnam. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101227.
Trung, N.T., and Urmee, T. (2024). Electrifying Vietnam’s streets: Identifying the determinants of electric two-wheelers uptake. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104116.

2023

Ayetor, G.K., Mbonigaba, I. and Mashele, J. (2023). Feasibility of electric two and three-wheelers in Africa. Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geits.2023.100106.
Kumar, S. and Majumdar, R. (2023). Sub-segment-based approach for assessing growth and energy transition trajectories of Indian two-wheelers. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139559.

2022

Murugan, M. and Marisamynathan, S. (2022). Mode shift behaviour and user willingness to adopt the electric two-wheeler: A study based on Indian road user preferences. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.03.008.

2021

Tunçel, N. (2021). Intention to purchase electric vehicles: Evidence from an emerging market. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100764.

Earlier

Arsenio, E., Dias, J. V., Lopes, S. A., and Pereira, H. I. (2018). Assessing the market potential of electric bicycles and ICT for low carbon school travel: a case study in the Smart City of ÁGUEDA. European Transport Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-017-0279-z.

Question 8

Micromobility

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Fu, X., van Lierop, D., Ettema, D. (2025). Shared micromobility in multimodal travel: Evidence from three European cities. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105664.
Hassanpour, A., and Bigazzi, A. (2025). Perceptions toward pedestrians and micromobility devices in off-street cycling facilities and multi-use paths in metropolitan Vancouver, Canada. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.021.
Oeschger, G., Caulfield, B. and Carroll, P. (2025). User characteristics and preferences for micromobility use in first- and last-mile journeys in Dublin, Ireland. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100926.
Zhang, F., Lv, H., Kuai, C., and Feng, T. (2025). The battery-swapping revolution: Exploring user preferences in electric micro-mobility sector. Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2025.104416.

2024

2023

2022

Adjei, F., Cimador, T., Severengiz, S. (2022). Electrically powered micro mobility vehicles in Ghana: transition process with a focus on social acceptance. Procedia CIRP. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.127.
Altintasi, O., and Yalcinkaya, S. (2022). Siting charging stations and identifying safe and convenient routes for environmentally sustainable e-scooter systems. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104020.
Asensio, O.I., Apablaza, C.Z., Cade Lawson, M., Chen, E.W., and Horner, S.J. (2022). Impacts of micromobility on car displacement with evidence from a natural experiment and geofencing policy. Nature Energy. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01135-1.
Bretones, A., and Marquet, O. (2022). Sociopsychological factors associated with the adoption and usage of electric micromobility. A literature review. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.09.008.
Chicco, A. and Diana, M. (2022). Understanding micro-mobility usage patterns: a preliminary comparison between dockless bike sharing and e-scooters in the city of Turin (Italy). Transportation Research Procedia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.02.057.
Dozza, M., Li, T., Billstein, L., Svernlöv, C., and Rasch, A. (2022). How do different micro-mobility vehicles affect longitudinal control? Results from a field experiment. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.005.
Ignaccolo, M., Inturri, G., Cocuzza, E. et al. (2022). Developing micromobility in urban areas: network planning criteria for e-scooters and electric micromobility devices. Transportation Research Procedia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.058.
Jiao, J., Lee, H.K., and Choi, S.J. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 on bike-sharing usages in Seoul, South Korea. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103849.
Li, H., Yuan, Z., Novack, T., Huang, W., and Zipf, A. (2022). Understanding spatiotemporal trip purposes of urban micro-mobility from the lens of dockless e-scooter sharing. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101848.
Liu, H-C., Lin, J-J. (2022). Associations of built environments with spatiotemporal patterns of shared scooter use: A comparison with shared bike use. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.07.012.
Liu, L., and Miller, H.J. (2022). Measuring the impacts of dockless micro-mobility services on public transit accessibility. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101885.
Lu, F., Yan, L., and Huang, B. (2022). Site selection for shared charging and swapping stations using the SECA and TRUST methods. Energy Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.378.
Medina-Molina, C., Pérez-Macías, N., and Gismera-Tierno, L. (2022). The multi-level perspective and micromobility services. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100183.
Orozco-Fontalvo, M., Llerena, L. and Cantillo, V. (2022). Dockless electric scooters: A review of a growing micromobility mode. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2022.2044097.
Reck, J. D., Martin, H., and Axhausen, K. W. (2022). Mode choice, substitution patterns and environmental impacts of shared and personal micro-mobility. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103134.
Sun, S. and Ertz, M. (2022). Can shared micromobility programs reduce greenhouse gas emissions: Evidence from urban transportation big data. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104045.
Tier (2022). Segregated infrastructure: the key to micro-mobility safety and adoption. Tier. Segregated infrastructure: the key to micro-mobility safety and adoption | TIER Blog
Torabi, K., Araghi, Y., van Oort, N., and Hoogendoorn, S. (2022). Passengers preferences for using emerging modes as first/last mile transport to and from a multimodal hub case study Delft Campus railway station. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.12.011.
van Kuijk, R.J., Almeida Correia, G.H., van Oort, N., and van Arem, B. (2022). Preferences for first and last mile shared mobility between stops and activity locations: A case study of local public transport users in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.10.008.
Younes, H. and Baiocchi, G. (2022). Analyzing the spatial determinants of dockless e-scooter & e-bike trips across four U.S. cities. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2022.2119623.

2021

Buehler, R., Broaddus, A., Sweeney, T., Zhang, W., and White, E. (2021). Changes in Travel Behavior, Attitudes, and Preferences among E-Scooter Riders and Non-Riders: A First Look at Results from Pre and Post E-Scooter System Launch Surveys at Virginia Tech. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981211002213.
European Platform of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans. (2021). Safe use of Micromobility Devices in Urban Areas. https://www.eltis.org/sites/default/files/sump_topic_guide_micromobility_devices.pdf.
Hosseinzadeh, A., Karimpour, A. and Kluger, R. (2021). Factors influencing shared micromobility services: An analysis of e-scooters and bikeshare. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103047.
Ququ, S., Giorbano, P.F., and Limongelli, M.P. (2021). Shared micromobility-driven modal identification of urban bridges. Automation in Construction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104048.
Reck, D. J., Haitao, H., Guidon, S., and Axhausen, K. W. (2021). Explaining shared micromobility usage, competition and mode choice by modelling empirical data from Zurich, Switzerland. Transportation Research part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2020.102947.
Meng, S., & Brown, A. (2021). Docked vs. dockless equity: Comparing three micromobility service geographies. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103185.
Samsonova, T (2021). Micromobility, Equity and Sustainability Summary and Conclusions. International Transport Forum. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/micromobility-equity-sustainability.pdf.
Sun, B., Garikapati, V., Wilson, A. and Duvall, A. (2021). Estimating energy bounds for adoption of shared micromobility. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103012.

2020

Behrami, F., and Rigal, A. (2020). Planning for plurality of streets: a spheric approach to micromobilities. Mobilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2021.1984850.
EIT reports on e-micromobility. (2020).
Laa, B., & Leth, U. (2020). Survey of E-scooter users in Vienna: Who they are and how they ride. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102874.
McQueen, M., Abou-Zeid, G. MacArthur, J., and Clifton, K. (2020). Transportation Transformation: Is Micromobility Making a Macro Impact on Sustainability? Journal of Planning Literature. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412220972696.
Moreau, H., de Jamblinne de Meux, L., Zeller, V., D’Ans, P., Ruwet, R., Achten, W.M.J. (2020). Dockless E-Scooter: A Green Solution for Mobility? Comparative Case Study between Dockless E-Scooters, Displaced Transport, and Personal E-Scooters. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051803.
Oeschger, G., Caroll, P., and Caulfield, B. (2020). Micromobility and public transport integration: The current state of knowledge. Transportation Research part D: transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102628.

Question 9

Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Athena, T., Ioannis, K., Ioannis, T., Anas, M., Shahram, T., Salwa, S., Wael, A., and Amalia, P. (2025). The role of subscription sharing and nationality in MaaS uptake in Qatar. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101364.

2023

Bokolo, A.J. (2023). Data enabling digital ecosystem for sustainable shared electric mobility-as-a-service in smart cities-an innovative business model perspective. Research in Transportation & Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2023.101043.
El Mustapha, H., Ozkan, B. and Turetken, O. (2024). Acceptance of Mobility-as-a-Service: Insights from empirical studies on influential factors. Communications in transportation research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2024.100119.
Hasselwander, M., Nieland, S., Dematera-Contreras, K. et al (2023) MaaS for the masses: Potential transit accessibility gains and required policies under Mobility-as-a-Service. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2023.100086
Klopfer, A., Frank, L. and Walther, G. (2023). Quantifying emission and cost reduction potentials of Corporate Mobility as a Service. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103985.
Krauss, K., Reck, D.J., and Axhausen, K.W. (2023). How does transport supply and mobility behaviour impact preferences for MaaS bundles? A multi-city approach. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2023.104013.
McIlroy, R.C (2023) Mobility as a service and gender: A review with a view. Science Direct https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100596

2022

2021

Arias-Molinares, D., Julio, R., García-Palomares, J.C., and Gutiérrez, J. (2021). Exploring micromobility services: Characteristics of station-based bike-sharing users and their relationship with dockless services. Journal of Urban Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2021.100010.
Hensher, D. A., Mulley, C., and Nelson, J. D. (2021). Mobility as a service (MaaS) – Going somewhere or nowhere? Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.07.021.

2020

Kennisinstituut voor Mobiliteitsbeleid. (2020). Kansrijke verplaatsingen met Mobility-as-a-Service. ISBN/EAN: 978-90-8902-240-0.
Zhao, X., Vaddadi, B., Sjöman, M., Hesselgren, M., & Pernestal, A. (2020). Key barriers in MaaS development and implementation: Lessons learned from testing Corporate MaaS (CMaaS). Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspective. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100227.
Zijlstra, T., Durand, A., Hoogendoorn-Lanser, S., & Harms, L. (2020). Early adopters of Mobility-as-a-Service in the Netherlands. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.019.

Question 10

Research Institutes

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

Active Travel Academy: brings together a broad spectrum of expertise to lead research with a focus on walking and cycling, use of other ‘micromobilities’ from e-scooters to electric hand cycles; and reduction in car use
FERSI: The Forum of European Road Safety Research Institutes
HVA: Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Technology
KU Leuven: ELECTA, this research division covers the broad spectrum of electrical energy systems and robust control of industrial systems
LEVER: The Light Electric Vehicle Education and Research (LEVER) Initiative
VUB Brussels: MOBI, the mobility, logistics and automotive technology research centre

Question 11

Road Safety

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Nayar, R., Paudel, M., Yap, F.F., Xu, H., Wong, Y.D. and Zhu, F. (2025). Impact of attitude, behaviour and opinion of e-scooter and e-bike riders on collision risk in Singapore. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100918.

2024

Zhang, R., Cai, J., Guo, F., Hu, F., Wang, Y. and Hu, Y. (2024). A hazard-based duration model for analyzing crossing risk exposure time of electric two-wheeler riders at signalized intersections. Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2024.114470.
Zhou, N., Zeng, H., Xie, R., et al. (2024). Analysis of road traffic accidents and casualties associated with electric bikes and bicycles in Guangzhou, China: A retrospective descriptive analysis. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29961.
Zakhem, M. and Janille Smith‐Colin (2024). An E-scooter route assignment framework to improve user safety, comfort and compliance with city rules and regulations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103930.
Al‐Habaibeh, A., Shakmak, B., Watkins, M. and Shin, H.-J. (2024). A Novel Method of Using Sound Waves and Artificial Intelligence for the Detection of Vehicle’s Proximity from Cyclists and E-Scooters. MethodsX. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2023.102534.
Janikian, G.S., Caird, J.K., Hagel, B. and Reay, G. (2024). A scoping review of E-scooter safety: Delightful urban slalom or injury epidemic? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.12.015.
Comi, A., Hriekova, O., and Nigro, M. (2024). Exploring road safety in the era of micro-mobility: evidence from Rome. Transportation Research Procedia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2024.02.008.
Gurusamy, A., and Ashok, B. (2024). Establishment of electric two-wheeler driving cycle for energy economy and life cycle assessment under Indian Tier-2 city driving environments. Sustainable energy technologies and assessments. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2024.103826.
Terranova, P., Liu, S.-Y., Jain, S., Johan Engström and Perez, M.A. (2024). Kinematic characterization of micro-mobility vehicles during evasive maneuvers. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.09.020.
Meir, A., Parmet, Y. and Borowsky, A. (2024). Ready, set, scoot! Investigating implicit attitudes toward risky e-scooter riding situations: A go/no-go association task study. Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106712.
Uijtdewilligen, T. (2024). Road safety of cyclists in Dutch cities. University of Twente. https://fietsberaad.nl/getmedia/1e5ff53f-e8cb-46f8-be69-8ea6d8837113/Teun_Uijtdewilligen.pdf.aspx.
Leoni, J., Tanelli, M., Silvia Carla Strada and Savaresi, S. (2024). Safety in e-Scooters: a Machine-Learning Approach for Online Second Passenger Detection. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.312.
Tyndall, J. (2024). The effect of front-end vehicle height on pedestrian death risk. Economics of Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecotra.2024.100342.
Komova, G., Jallais, C., Ndiaye, D. and Rogé, J. (2024). The role of innovative visibility aids on e-scooter riders’ conspicuity in daylight. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.07.024.
Kazemzadeh, K., and Afghari, A.P. (2024). Wriggling in the crowd: An inquiry into the interactions between electric bikes and pedestrians in a shared space. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100781.

2023

2022

Brauner, T., Heumann, M., Kraschewski, T., et al. (2022). Web content mining analysis of e-scooter crash causes and implications in Germany. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106833.
Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., and Pamucar, D. et al. (2022). Safe E-scooter operation alternative prioritization using a q-rung orthopair Fuzzy Einstein based WASPAS approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131239.
Gitelman, v., Korchatov, A., and Carmel, R. (2022). Safety-related behaviours of e-cyclists on urban streets: an observational study in Israel. Transportation Research Procedia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.079.
Heydari, S., Forrest, M., Preston, J. (2022). Investigating the association between neighbourhood characteristics and e-scooter safety. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103982.
Huang, F.H. (2022). Exploring the factors influencing e-bike road safety: A survey study based on the experiences of Taiwanese cyclists. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103292.
International Transport Forum. (2022). Streets that fit: Re-allocating space for better cities. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/streets-fit-allocating-space-better-cities.pdf.
Karpinski, E., Bayles, E., Daigle, L., and Mantine, D. (2022). Comparison of motor-vehicle involved e-scooter fatalities with other traffic fatalities. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.008.
Liazos, A. et al. (2022). Geofence planning for electric scooters. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103149.
Liu, Y., Wan, X., Xu, W., et al. (2022). An intelligent method for accident reconstruction involving car and e-bike coupling automatic simulation and multi-objective optimizations. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106476.
Liu, Y., Wan, X., et al. (2022). A novel approach to investigate effects of front-end structures on injury response of e-bike riders: Combining Monte Carlo sampling, automatic operation, and data mining. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106599.
Leoni, J., Tanelli, M., Strada, S.C., and Savaresi, S.M. (2022). Assessing e-scooters safety and drivability: a quantitative analysis. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.294.
Safer City Streets. (2022). Monitoring Progress in Urban Road Safety. International Transport Forum. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/monitoring-progress-urban-road-safety-2022.pdf.
Sun, S. and Xia, Y. (2022). The need for wider non-motor lanes: A study on the bicycle electrification process in China. Journal of Transport & Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2022.101374.
Useche, S.A., O'Hern, S., Gonzalez-Marin, A., et al. (2022). Unsafety on two wheels, or social prejudice? Proxying behavioral reports on bicycle and e-scooter riding safety – A mixed-methods study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.06.015.
Zhang, F., Ji, Y., Lv, H., et al. (2022). Self-reported anger among ordinary and delivery electric bike riders in China: A comparison based on the cycling anger scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.06.002.

2021

European Platform of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans. (2021). Safe use of Micromobility Devices in Urban Areas. https://www.eltis.org/sites/default/files/sump_topic_guide_micromobility_devices.pdf.
Kommers, A., and Brommelstroet, M. (2021). Divide or conquer: Problems and solutions for conflict definitions between different users of the cycle path. Contribution to the Colloquium Transport Planological Investigation. https://www.cvs-congres.nl/e2/site/cvs/custom/site/upload/file/cvs_2021/sessie_d/d6/cvs_79_verdeel_of_heers_problemen_en_oplossingsrichtingen_voor_conflictdefinities_tussen_verschillende_gebruikers_van_het_fietspad_1_2021.pdf .
Serra, G.F., Fernandes, F.A.O., Noronha, E., and Alves de Sousa, R.J. (2021). Head protection in electric micromobility: A critical review, recommendations, and future trends. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106430.
Zakhem, M. and Smith-Colin, J. (2021). Micromobility implementation challenges and opportunities: Analysis of e-scooter parking and high-use corridors. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103082.

Earlier

Hertach, P., Uhr, A., Niemann, S., and Cavegn, M. (2018). Characteristics of single-vehicle crashes with e-bikes in Switzerland. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.04.021.
Li, Y., Zhou, W., Nan, S., Wang, F. and Chen, K. (2017). Redesign of the cross-section of bicycle lanes considering electric bicycles. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport. https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.16.00175.

Question 12

Speed Pedelecs

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Van den Steen, N., Cappelle, J., Vanhaverbeke, L. (2025). Adoption of speed pedelecs as a commuting vehicle: Investigating the influence of a test period. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2025.104414

2024

Van den Steen, N. (2024). A user-centric analysis of preferences and performance of speed pedelecs commuting in Flanders. Ku Leuven. https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/3m7xzlbto0apiucc8k0ms/PhD-Speed-Pedelecs-Nikolaas-Van-den-Steen.pdf?rlkey=00znnovfk1b42lyvmy3hc6ph3&dl=0.
Sichere und effiziente S-Pedelec- Infrastruktur S-ESPIN. https://www.s-pedelec.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SESPIN_Endbericht_final_24102024.pdf

2023

Schleinitz, K., and Petzoldt, T. (2023). Development of German pedelec (and bicycle) crashes between 2013 and 2021. Journal of Safety Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.09.016.

2022

Herteleer, B., Van den Steen, N., Vanhaverbeke, L., and Cappelle, J. (2022). Analysis of initial speed pedelec usage for commuting purposes in Flanders. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100589.
Van der Salm, M., Chen, Z., and van Lierop, D. (2022). Who are those fast cyclists? An analysis of speed pedelec users in the Netherlands. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2022.2152402.

2021

Stelling, A., Vlakveld, W., and Twisk, D. (2021). Influencing factors of observed speed and rule compliance of speed-pedelec riders in high volume cycling areas: Implications for safety and legislation. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106239.
Twisk, D., Stelling, A., Van Gent, P., De Groot, J., and Vlakveld, W. (2021). Speed characteristics of speed pedelecs, pedelecs and conventional bicycles in naturalistic urban and rural traffic conditions. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105940.
Vlakveld, W., Mons, C., Kamphuis, K., Stelling, A., and Twisk, D. (2021). Traffic conflicts involving speed-pedelecs (fast electric bicycles): A naturalistic riding study. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106201.

Earlier

6t-bureau de recherche, (2019), Marché et usages des speedelecs, Rapport final, 148 p. https://www.ademe.fr/sites/default/files/assets/documents/rapport-marche-usages-speedelec-charte-ademe-2020.pdf.
Rotthier, B., Stevens G., Huyck B., Motoasca E., and Cappelle J. (2017). The rise of the speed pedelec, restrained by legislation? EVS30-9860742. Presented at the EVS, Stuttgart, 09-11 Oct 2017
Van den Steen, N., Herteleer, B., Cappelle, J., and Vanhaverbeke, L. (2019). Motivations and barriers for using speed pedelecs for daily commuting. World Electr. Veh. J. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040087.
Van der Salm, M. L. M. (2020). De speed pedelec: wie zijn de gebruikers? (master’s thesis).

Question 13

Sustainable Mobility

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Budnitz, H., Jaskólski, M., Knapskog, M., Lis-Plesińska, A., Schmidt, F., Szymanowski, R., der Craats, J. van and Schwanen, T. (2025). Multi-level governance and modal thinking: Tensions in electric mobility transitions in European cities. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.035.
Dong, Z., Chen, C., Ouyang, J., Yan, X., Liao, C., Chen, X.M. and Lee, D.-H. (2025). Understanding commuter preferences for shared autonomous electric vehicles in first-mile-last-mile scenario. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104621.

2024

Barrett, A.E., Mimbs, H., Koloushani, M., Ozguven, E.E., Soulie, B., Noblitt, J. and Michael, C. (2024). Using golf carts as a transportation mode: Who does it? Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.101003.
Glachant, C. and Behrendt, F. (2024). ‘Social Darwinism has moved to the cycle path’: framings of micromobility in the Dutch and British press. Mobilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2024.2366850.
Jou, R.-C., Chen, T.-Y. and Hensher, D. (2024). Preferable price to buy an electric two-wheeled vehicle for college students. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101307.
Mock, M. and Wankat, K. (2024). Why do sustainable shared mobility practices not proliferate more widely? Insights from digital mobility diaries. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143582.
Zhou, H., Qiao, J., Shi, K., Sun, Q., Yao, Z. and Norman, R. (2024). Tourists vs. residents: Nested logit analysis of mode choices for environmental sustainability. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104521.

2023

2022

2021

Ferretto, L., Bruzzone, F., and Nocera, S. (2021). Pathways to active mobility planning. Research in Transportation Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2020.101027.
Ewert, A., Schmid, S., Brost, M., Davies, H., and Vinckx, L. (2021). Small Electric Vehicles: An International View on Light Three- and Four-Wheelers. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4.
Shaffer, B., Auffhammer, M., & Samaras, C. (2021). Make electric vehicles lighter to maximize climate and safety benefits. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02760-8.
Slob, W. (2021). How Policy Makers Can Overcome Competing Values in The Pursuit of Solutions to Societal Problems - Light Electric Vehicles in The Dutch Mobility Sector From an Institutional Logics Perspective. Master Thesis. Utrecht University. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/403181.

2020

Casady, C. B. (2020). Customer-led mobility: A research agenda for Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) enablement. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2020.10.009.
Transport Infrastructure Ireland. (2020). Travelling in a Woman's Shoes. https://www.tii.ie/technical-services/research/TII-Travelling-in-a-Womans-Shoes-Report_Issue.pdf.

Earlier

Hanna, P., Kantenbacher, J., Cohen, S., and Gössling, S. (2018). Role model advocacy for sustainable transport. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.028.
NatCen Social Research. (2020). Impact of interventions encouraging a switch from cars to more sustainable modes of transport. A rapid evidence assessment. Gov.UK.
Wang, W., Bengler, K., and Jiang, X. (Eds.). (2018). Green Intelligent Transportation Systems. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3551-7.
Zuev, D. (2018). Urban Mobility in Modern China: the growth of the E-bike. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76590-7.

Question 14

Technical Aspects

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2024

Ballo, L., Raubal, M. and Axhausen, K.W. (2024). Designing an E-Bike City: An automated process for network-wide multimodal road space reallocation. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100048.
Gurusamy, A., Ashok, B., Maiskar, S.A., Kavitha, C., Mbasso, W.F., and Kotb, H. (2024). Impact of Driving Timing and Road Types on the Operating Regions of Electric Two-wheeler Powertrain Components under Indian Road Conditions. Results in Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103303.
Paudel, M. and Fook Fah Yap (2024). Analyzing the Impact of Bicycle Geometry and Cargo Loading on the Rideability and Safety of Cargo Bikes: An Investigative Study. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29524
Viveka, T., Sree Rathna Lakshmi, N.V.S., Amosedinakaran, S., Bhuvanesh, A., A.S. Kamaraja, A.S. and Anitha, P. (2024). Simulink and real-time implementation of the E-cycle for measuring the reliability of the model using sensors. Measurement: Sensors. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2024.101066.
Wieczorek, M., Wodyk, S., Widzińska, J. and Poliszkiewicz, R. (2024). Hybrid battery energy storage for light electric vehicle — From lab to real life operation tests. Journal of Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.110545.

2023

Joris, J. Barde, F. (2023). A critical review of lithium ion battery safety testing and standards. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121014
Volta Foundation. (2023). Annual Battery Report 2022. https://www.volta.foundation/annual-battery-report.
Xintong, L., Chunyang, H., Helai, H., et al. (2023). Pursuing higher acceptability and compliance for electric two-wheeler standardization policy in China: The importance of socio-demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and travel habits. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.11.017.
Yin, R., and He, J. (2023). Design of a photovoltaic electric bike battery-sharing system in public transit stations. Applied Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120505.

2022

Badgujar, C., and Mohite, S. (2022). Design, analysis and implementation of control moment gyroscope (CMG) mechanism to self-balance a moped bike. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.380.
Boglietti, S., Ghirardi, T., Zanoni, C.T. et al. (2022). First experimental comparison between e-kick scooters and e-bike’s vibrational dynamics. Transportation Research Procedia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.02.092.
Li, L., Liu, B., Zheng, W., Wu, X., Song, L., and Dong, W. (2022). Investigation and numerical reconstruction of a full-scale electric bicycle fire experiment in high-rise residential building. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102304.
Lin, M., Liu, P., Kuo, J., and Lin, Y. (2022). A multiobjective stochastic location-allocation model for scooter battery swapping stations. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102079.
Mehra, A., Singh, R., Chauhan, A.S. et al. (2022). Design and analysis of an electric bike chassis. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.247.
Sahwal, C.P., Dinh, T.Q., and Sengupta, S. (2022). Controller development of thermal management system for electric bikes. Energy Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.135.
Septiadi, W.N., Alim, M., and Adi, M.N.P. (2022). The application of battery thermal management system based on heat pipes and phase change materials in the electric bike. Journal of Energy Storage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106014.
Shuai, C., Yang, F., Wang, W., Shan, J., Zheng, C., and Xin, O. (2022). Promoting Charging Safety of Electric Bicycles via Machine Learning. iScience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105786.
Sweeney, S., Lhachemi, H., Mannion, A., Russo, G., and Shorten, R. (2022). Pitchfork-bifurcation-based competitive and collaborative control of an E-bike system. Automatica. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2022.110595.
Tang, Y., Zhang, Q., Wen, Z., Bunn D., and Martin, J.N. (2022). Optimal analysis for facility configuration and energy management on electric light commercial vehicle charging. Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123363.
Windisch-Kern, S., Gerold, E., Nigl, T. et al. (2022). Recycling chains for lithium-ion batteries: A critical examination of current challenges, opportunities and process dependencies. Waste Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.038.
Xu, M., Di, Y., Zhu, Z., Yang, H., and Chen, X. (2022). Designing van-based mobile battery swapping and rebalancing services for dockless ebike-sharing systems based on the dueling double deep Q-network. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2022.103620.

2021

Earlier

Rodriquez-Rosa, D., Payo-Gutierrez, I., Castillo-Garcia, Gonzalez-Rodriquez, A., and Perez-Juarez, S. (2017). Improving Energy Efficiency of an Autonomous Bicycle with Adaptive Controller Design. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050866.
Rotthier, B., Stevens G., Dikomitis L., Huyck B., Motoasca E., and Cappelle J. (2017). Typical cruising speed of speed pedelecs and the link with motor power as a result of a Belgian naturalistic cycling study. (Paper No. 12). Presented at the International Cycling Safety Conference, Davis, USA, 20-Sep 2017 / 23-Sep 2017.

Question 15

Urban & Shared Mobility

Annick Roetynck · Accepted Answer

2025

Deschaintres, E., Morency, C., Trépanier, M. (2025). Assessing complementary and competing interactions between transit and shared transportation modes. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101311
Schimohr, K., Heinen, E., Næss, P. et al (2025). Changes in mode use after residential relocation: Attitudes and the built environment. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104556.
Zhu, B., Kaparias, I., Zhu, Z., Lee, D.-H., Chen, X.M. and Hu, S. (2025). Data-driven modelling for CO2 emission reduction in bike-sharing systems: Multi-scale estimation and key determinants. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144974.
Zhou, R., Yu, Y., Wang, Z., Ke, L. and Zhao, J. (2025). How does shared mobility impact metro-based urban commercial travel accessibility and Equity? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104523.
Hu, L., Liao, Y., Gao, K., Jin, S. and Precup, R.-E. (2025). Integration of e-scooter sharing with public transit on employment accessibility and equity. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104604.
Li, Q., Qin, Y. and Xu, W. (2025). Is there a link between city characteristics and shared e-bike utilisation? Evidence from China. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.106008.
Chien, Y.-S. and Lu, C.-C. (2025). Investigating Users’ Intention to Re-use Shared Electric Scooters through a Combined Behavioral Model. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.12.026.
Liu, Y. and Ouyang, Y. (2025). Planning charging stations for mixed docked and dockless operations of shared electric micromobility systems. Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2024.104989.
Kathait, N. and Agarwal, A. (2025). Prioritisation of service quality attributes of bicycle-sharing and e-bike-sharing systems in India. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144988.
Way to Go. (2025). Deelmobiliteit-in-België. https://www.waytogo.be/files/Publicaties/Deelmobiliteit-in-Belgi%C3%AB-in-2024-Rapport-Way-To-Go.pdf.
Jayawardhena, M., Delbosc, A., Currie, G. and Rose, G. (2025). When do shared e-scooters complement or compete with public transport? A mixed-method review and comparison with bike sharing. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2025.100057.

2024

Abouelela, M., Durán-Rodas, D. and Antoniou, C. (2024). Do we all need shared E-scooters? An accessibility-centered spatial equity evaluation approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.103985.
Aguilera-García, Á., Gómez, J., Rangel, T., de los Ángeles Baeza, M. and Vassallo, J. M., (2024). Which factors influence the use of shared and privately-owned e-scooters in the city of Madrid? Implications for urban mobility. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104785.
Al Kheder, S., and Albaghli, Z. (2024). Identifying barriers and benefits of shared e-scooters in promoting sustainability in Kuwait using Delphi and Force Field Analysis Methods. Journal of Engineering Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.010.
Askari, S., Javadinasr, M., Peiravian, F., Khan, N. A., Auld, J. and Mohammadian, A. (2024). Loyalty toward shared e-scooter: Exploring the role of service quality, satisfaction, and environmental consciousness. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100856.
Bieliński, T., Czuba, T., Dopierała, Ł., and Tarkowski, M. (2024). Electric bike sharing: Price sensitivity and pricing preferences. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101163.
Bitencourt, L., Borba, B., Dias, D., Bitencourt, A., Lopes, Y. and Fernandes, N. (2024). Shared e-bike operational planning under different relocation schemes: A smart campus case. Results in Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102368.
Brown, A. and Howell, A. (2024). Mobility for the People: Equity Requirements in US Shared Micromobility Programs. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100020.
Bösehans, G., Bell, M. C., and Dissanayake, D. (2024). Shared Mobility - Novel Insights on Mode Substitution Patterns, Trip and User Characteristics. Journal of cycling and micromobility research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100029.
Cai, J., Zhao, Z., Zhou, Z. and Wang, Y. (2024). Predicting the carbon emission reduction potential of shared electric bicycle travel. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104107.
Chahine, R., Losada-Rojas, L.L. and Gkritza, K. (2024). Navigating post-pandemic urban mobility: Unveiling intentions for shared micro-mobility usage across three U.S. cities. Travel behaviour and society/Travel behaviour & society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100813.
Chahine, R., Luo, H., Cai, H. and Gkritza, K. (2024). A comparative study of bike-sharing and e-scooter sharing users and services in a college town during COVID-19. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101130.
Chen, J., Liu, X., Chen, X. and Wang, Y. (2024). Influence of e-bikeshare on transit ridership in a medium-sized Chinese city. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.10456.
Filho, F. E. M., Ploegmakers, H., de Kruijf, J., and Bussche, D. (2024).Cycle highway effects: Assessing modal choice to cycling in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://fietsberaad.nl/getmedia/47ebba80-4fe4-4137-beaf-6bbcc72de52e/Filho-et-al-2024.pdf.aspx.
Fitch-Polse, D.T., Mohiuddin, H. and Handy, S.L. (2024). Can bike-share change attitudes? Evidence from the Sacramento, California region. Transportation letters. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2024.2360336.
Flores, P. J. (2024). What motivates consumers to adopt controversial green mobility innovations? The case of shared e-bikes and e-scooters. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123694.
Giordano, M. and Joseph Y.J. Chow (2024). An e-scooter service region and fleet allocation design problem with elastic demand. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104153.
Hoen, F.S., Finsveen, H., Pitera, K. and Tørset, T. (2024). Enhancing last mile connectivity using shared mobility: A stated preference survey of business park commuters. Journal of Urban Mobility. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2024.100089.
Huang, E., Yin, Z., Broaddus, A. and Yan, X. (2024). Shared e-scooters as a last-mile transit solution? Travel behavior insights from Los Angeles and Washington D.C. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100663.
Hurlet, P., Manout, O., and Diallo, A. O. (2024). Policy implications of shared e-scooter parking regulation: an agent-based approach. Procedia Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.06.046.
Jiao, J. and Xu, Y. (2024). Analyzing Shared E-Scooter Trip Frequency on Urban Road Segments in Austin, TX. Case Studies on Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101296.
Jin, S.T. and Sui, D.Z. (2024). A comparative analysis of the spatial determinants of e-bike and e-scooter sharing link flows. Journal of Transport Geography. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103959.
Kang, S., Yae Lee Chung, Yang, B., Lee, H., Lee, J. and Kim, J. (2024). User preference and willingness-to-pay for operation strategies that enhance safety and convenience of E-scooter sharing services. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.11.005.
Kazemzadeh, K. and Sprei, F. (2024). The effect of shared e-scooter programs on modal shift: Evidence from Sweden. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.105097.
Krauss, K., Gnann, T., Burgert, T. and Axhausen, K.W. (2024). Faster, greener, scooter? An assessment of shared e-scooter usage based on real-world driving data. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.103997.
Lee, G., Lee, J. S., and Park, K. S. (2024). Battery swapping, vehicle rebalancing, and staff routing for electric scooter sharing systems. Transportation research. Part E, Logistics and transportation review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2024.103540.
Li, Q., Zhang, E., Luca, D. and Fuerst, F. (2024). The travel pattern difference in dockless micro-mobility: Shared e-bikes versus shared bikes. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104179.
Lin, S., Yan, X. and Zhao, X. (2024). Spatial equity of micromobility systems: A comparison of shared E-scooters and docked bikeshare in Washington DC. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.10.008.
Lin, Y.-H., Liu, P.-Y. and Chiang, C.-F. (2024). Tri-objective Stochastic Model to Optimize Location and Sizing of Scooter Battery Swapping Station. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.105091.
María, A. (2023). Environmental impacts of shared mobility: a systematic literature review of life-cycle assessments focusing on car sharing, carpooling, bikesharing, scooters and moped sharing. Transport Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2023.2259104.
Mukku, V.D., Kania, M., Brinken, J., Salah, I.H. and Assmann, T. (2023). Evaluation of Energy Supply Technologies for Autonomous Cargo Bike-Sharing System. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1890.
Obrenović, N., Ataç, S., and Bierlaire, M. (2024). Light electric vehicle sharing systems: Functional design of a comprehensive decision making solution. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104043
Ren, X., Soora Rasouli, Harry J.P. Timmermans and Astrid D.A.M. Kemperman (2024). Long-term mobility choice considering availability effects of shared and new mobility services. Transportation research. Part D, Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104274.
Ringhand, M., Schackmann, D., Anke, J., Iwan Porojkow and Petzoldt, T. (2024). Differences in route choice behavior when riding shared e-scooters vs. bicycles – A field study. Journal of safety research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.04.008.
Roig-Costa, O., Miralles-Guasch, C. and Marquet, O. (2024). Shared bikes vs. private e-scooters. Understanding patterns of use and demand in a policy-constrained micromobility environment. Transport Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.11.010.
Saha, A., Görçün, O. F., Pamucar, D., Arya, L. and Simic, V. (2024). Evaluation of shared micro-mobility systems for sustainable cities by using a consensus-based Fermatean fuzzy multiple objective optimization and full multiplicative form. Engineering applications of artificial intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108662.
Sellaouti, A., Tiessler, M., Pobudzei, M., and Hoffmann, S. (2024). Evolution and characteristics of shared e-scooters usage in Munich, Germany – Results of an over 8 million trips data analysis. Transportation Research Procedia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2024.02.006.
Shi, Z., Wang, J., Liu, K., Liu, Y. and He, M. (2024). Exploring the usage efficiency of electric bike-sharing from a spatial–temporal perspective. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104139.
Wan, L. and Bendavid, I. (2024). Inferring trip purposes and mode substitution effect of rental e-scooters in London. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.104034.
Wang, P., Zhang, H., Cheng, S., Lu, F., Zhang, T. and Chen, Z. (2024). Understanding human mobility and trip demand through sparse trajectories of private e-bikes. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143444.
Weiss, A., Pollock, S. and Kattan, L. (2024). Scooting into place: how comfort on different Infrastructure Types influences Shared e-scooter trip making. Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100047
Woodson, C., Ashqar, H.I., Almannaa, M., Elhenawy, M. and Buehler, R. (2024). Factors influencing bikeshare service and usage in a rural college town: A case study of Montgomery County, VA. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15568318.2023.2295865.
Xanthopoulos, S., van der Tuin, M., Sharif Azadeh, S,. Correia, G., van Oort, N., and Snelder, M. (2024). Optimization of the location and capacity of shared multimodal mobility hubs to maximize travel utility in urban areas. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103934.
Xie, S. and Liao, F. (2024). Incorporating personality traits for the study of user acceptance of electric micromobility-sharing services. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.10.023.
Yang, Y., Baig, F. and Lee, J.J. (2024). Exploring Young Individuals’ Intentions to Use Helmets of Shared e-Bike in China. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226798824052206
Zhao, J., Wu, J., Sunney Fotedar, Li, Z. and Liu, P. (2024). Fleet availability analysis and prediction for shared e-scooters: An energy perspective. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104425.

2023

2022

2021

Brand, C., Dons, E., Anaya-Boig, Avila-Palencia, I., et al. (2021). The climate change mitigation effects of daily active travel in cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102764.
Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, J., and Cheng, L. (2021). What factors influence ridership of station-based bike sharing and free-floating bike sharing at rail transit stations?. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2021.1872121.
Cities Multimodal, Interreg Baltic Sea Region, & European Regional Development Fund (2021). Toolbox for Mobility Management. Eltis, The Urban Mobility Observatory. https://www.eltis.org/sites/default/files/trainingmaterials/tr_toolbox_layout_v19.pdf.
Clean Cities& YouGov. (2021). What European city-dwellers want from their mayors post-Covid – Survey. https://cleancitiescampaign.org/2021/05/04/what-city-dwellers-want-from-their-mayors-post-covid/.
Cottell, J., Connelly, K., and Harding, C. (2021). Micromobility in London. Centre for London. Micromobility_in_London_Report.pdf (centreforlondon.org).
Dev Mukku, V., Haj Salah, I. and Assmann, T. (2021). Simulation Testbed for the next-generation Bike-Sharing System with Self-driving Cargo-Bikes. IFAC-PapersOnLine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.129.
European Parliament, TRAN-committee. (2021). Sustainable and smart urban transport. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2021/652233/IPOL_ATA(2021)652233_EN.pdf.
Frias-Martinez, V., Sloate, E., Manglunia, H., and Wu, J. (2021). Causal effect of low-income areas on shared dockless e-scooter use. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103038.
Fukushige, T., Fitch, T. D., and Handy, S. (2021). Factors influencing dock-less E-bike-share mode substitution: Evidence from Sacramento, California. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102990.
Fung, C. M., McArthur, D. P., and Hong, J. (2021). Examining the effects of a temporary subway closure on cycling in Glasgow using bike-sharing data. Travel Behaviour and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2021.06.002.
Guo, Y., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Understanding factors influencing shared e-scooter usage and its impact on auto mode substitution. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102991.
Hosseinzadeh, Karimpour and Kluger (2021). Factors influencing shared micromobility services: An analysis of e-scooters and bikeshare. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103047.
Hu, J-W., and Creutzig, F. (2021). A systematic review on shared mobility in China. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2021.1879974.
Latinopoulos, C., Patrier, A., and Sivakumar, A. (2021). Planning for e-scooter use in metropolitan cities: A case study for Paris. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103037.
Lipovsky, C. (2021). Free-floating electric scooters: representation in French mainstream media. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1809752.
Maltese, I., Gatta, V., and Marcucci, E. (2021). Active Travel in Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans. An Italian overview. Research in Transportation Business & Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100621.
Rejali, S., Aghabayk, K., Mohammadi, A., and Shiwakoti, N. (2021). Assessing a priori acceptance of shared dockless e-scooters in Iran. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103042.
Sadeghinasr, B. et al. (2021). Mining dockless bikeshare data for insights into cyclist behaviour and preferences: Evidence from the Boston region. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103044.
Tan, X., Zhu, X., Li, Q., Li, L., and Chen, J. (2021). Tidal phenomenon of the dockless bike-sharing system and its causes: the case of Beijing. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1871129.
Yang, Y., Jiang, L., and Zhang, Z. (2021). Tourists on shared bikes: Can bike-sharing boost attraction demand? Tourism Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104328.
Zhao, Y., and Ke, J. (2021). The impact of shared mobility services on housing values near subway stations. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103097.

2020

Dill, J., and McNeil, N. (2020). Are Shared Vehicles Shared by All? A Review of Equity and Vehicle Sharing. Journal of Planning Literature. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412220966732.
Hosseinzadeh, A., Algomaiah, M., Kluger, R., and Li, Z. (2020). E-scooters and Sustainability: Investigating the Relationship between the Density of E-Scooter Trips and Characteristics of Sustainable Urban Development. Sustainable Cities and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102624.
Lozzi, G., Rodrigues, M., Marcucci, E., Teoh, T., Gatta, V., and Pacelli, V. (2020). Research for TRAN Committee – COVID-19 and urban mobility: impacts and perspectives, European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=IPOL_IDA(2020)652213.

LEV research

LEV Research

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